The education spending multiplier: Evidence from schools in Pakistan (VoxDev) 

"Grants given to public schools in Pakistan increase test scores in both public and private schools as a result of increased competition," writes IFPRI research fellow Naureen Karachiwalla and her co-authors in an article published by VoxDev

The authors evaluate the LEAPS (Learning and Educational Achievement in Pakistan Schools) study which demonstrates the existence of a large education multiplier from the public to the private sector. In this highly interconnected world, the idea that there are `programmes for public schools’ and `programmes for private schools’ and that the two can be kept separate is no longer tenable. Failing to account for the effect of public sector interventions on the private sector leads to less effective interventions and inaccurate evaluations.  

Read the article.