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With research staff from more than 60 countries, and offices across the globe, IFPRI provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.

researcher spotlight

Kalyani Raghunathan

Kalyani Raghunathan is Research Fellow in the Poverty, Gender, and Inclusion Unit, based in New Delhi, India. Her research lies at the intersection of agriculture, gender, social protection, and public health and nutrition, with a specific focus on South Asia and Africa. 

Where we work

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Where we work

IFPRI currently has more than 600 employees working in over 80 countries with a wide range of local, national, and international partners.

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The Earth Planet

Egypt

countries and regions

Publications

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Working Paper

Would you rather: Voluntary take-up of a poverty graduation program among cash transfer recipients

2024Allen IV, James; Gilligan, Daniel O.; Kurdi, Sikandra; Yassa, Basma
Details

Would you rather: Voluntary take-up of a poverty graduation program among cash transfer recipients

THIS IS AN INITIAL PUBLICATION. THE FINAL VERSION WILL BE AVAILABLE IN DECEMBER 2024. We study how households in Egypt’s national cash transfer program decide to voluntarily join a new government-run poverty graduation program. Using a randomized experiment, we test official video messages providing respondents with new information on: T1) the duration of the cash transfers after joining the graduation program and T2) expected monthly income from the asset provided by the graduation program. Both video messages increase respondents’ beliefs on their respective topics and interest in recommending the graduation program to others. The evidence is consistent with a theoretical model where new information increasing the expected returns for the graduation program consequently increases preferences for the new program, though estimating the model reveals other factors also likely affect household decision-making. The findings highlight the importance of designing poverty graduation programs that provide compelling economic incentives relative to existing social protection programs.

Year published

2024

Authors

Allen IV, James; Gilligan, Daniel O.; Kurdi, Sikandra; Yassa, Basma

Citation

Allen IV, James; Gilligan, Daniel O.; Kurdi, Sikandra; and Yassa, Basma. 2024. Would you rather: Voluntary take-up of a poverty graduation program among cash transfer recipients. MENA Working Paper 44. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/158340

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Africa; Northern Africa; Social Protection; Poverty; Poverty Reduction; Cash Transfers

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Source

Source record

Record type

Working Paper

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Brief

Challenges for private sector job matching in rural Egypt: Results from a survey of Forsa employers

2024Shokry, Nada; Yassa, Basma; Kurdi, Sikandra
Details

Challenges for private sector job matching in rural Egypt: Results from a survey of Forsa employers

Increasing formal employment for youth and women is a key goal of the Forsa pilot graduation intervention and Egyptian government policy in general. As detailed in Forsa evaluation reports, matching Takaful beneficiaries with jobs in the private sector is a major challenge on the household and on the beneficiary level. In this policy note, however, we examine the challenges from the perspective of potential employers. We review literature of the market failures that may contribute to difficulties with job matching in rural Egypt and present results from a small telephone survey of Forsa employers.

Year published

2024

Authors

Shokry, Nada; Yassa, Basma; Kurdi, Sikandra

Citation

Shokry, Nada; Yassa, Basma; and Kurdi, Sikandra. 2024. Challenges for private sector job matching in rural Egypt: Results from a survey of Forsa employers. MENA Regional Program Policy Note 25. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Africa; Eastern Africa; Northern Africa; Employment; Rural Areas; Women; Youth

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Project

National Policies and Strategies

Record type

Brief

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Brief

Digital literacy training to promote diffusion of digital agricultural tools to smallholder farmers

2024Abdelaziz, Fatma; Abay, Kibrom A.
Details

Digital literacy training to promote diffusion of digital agricultural tools to smallholder farmers

Digital innovations hold significant potential to address multiple forms of market failures. However, their adoption remains low and heterogenous across Africa. Smallholder farmers face significant barriers in accessing essential information, limiting their ability to seize market opportunities and enhance profitability. While numerous digital tools have been developed for farmers in the region, most are still in pilot phases. The landscape of digital agricultural innovations in Egypt, the focus of this study, presents a similar outlook, whereby the Egyptian market has an array of innovative digital study, presents a similar outlook, whereby the Egyptian market has an array of innovative digital agricultural tools that offer different services to farmers (including digital advisory agricultural and market services). Several demand and supply-side factors contribute to the low adoption of these digital innovations and their disparities among smallholder farmers in Africa and Egypt. On the supply side, the most important challenges include inadequate public and private investment in complementary infra-structure, unsustainable business models, and a misalignment in the pace of innovation. The most important demand-side challenges include lack of digital literacy, insufficient context-specific needs assessments, digital divide, and accessibility, usability, and user trust. User confidence and trust in digital tools is another important but understudied topic.. However, we lack empirically grounded evidence on alternative supply and demand-side interventions to enhance the adoption and scaling of digital innovations in various contexts, including Egypt.

Year published

2024

Authors

Abdelaziz, Fatma; Abay, Kibrom A.

Citation

Abdelaziz, Fatma; and Abay, Kibrom A. 2024. Digital literacy training to promote diffusion of digital agricultural tools to smallholder farmers. Project Note September 2024. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/152495

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Africa; Eastern Africa; Northern Africa; Agricultural Technology; Digital Agriculture; Digital Innovation; Smallholders

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Source

Source record

Project

Fragility to Resilience in Central and West Asia and North Africa

Record type

Brief

Datasets

Dataset

2019 Social Accounting Matrix for Egypt

2021Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; International Food Policy Research Institute
Details

2019 Social Accounting Matrix for Egypt

The 2019 SAM for Egypt builds on the previous 2014/15 SAM that was built and published by Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) with the support of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). The updated SAM also relies on information from the Supply and Use Tables and the Economic Census for 2017/18 that were produced by CAPMAS. It includes 69 sectors and 73 products. The SAM also includes 13 factors of production in three broad categories: labor, land, and capital. Labor is disaggregated across rural and urban areas and into four education-based categories. Capital is disaggregated into four subcategories: crops, livestock, mining, and other. The SAM has ten household groups that are disaggregated by national per capita expenditure quintiles, then split into rural and urban households. Overall, the 2019 SAM is composed of 177 rows x 177 columns.

Year published

2021

Authors

Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; International Food Policy Research Institute

Citation

Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; International Food Policy Research Institute. 2021. 2019 Social Accounting Matrix for Egypt. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/FSCI03. Harvard Dataverse. Version 1.

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Africa; Northern Africa; National Accounting; Taxes; Household Expenditure; Modelling; Labour; Social Accounting Matrix; Economic Indicators; Sex-disaggregated Data; Household Consumption

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.7910/dvn/fsci03 Source record

Project

Policies, Institutions, and Markets

Record type

Dataset

Dataset

2015 Social Accounting Matrix for Egypt

2021International Food Policy Research Institute
Details

2015 Social Accounting Matrix for Egypt

The Regional 2014/15 SAM for Egypt includes 62 sectors and 66 products. It also includes 13 factors of production, labor is disaggregated across rural and urban areas and into four education-based categories, capital is also disaggregated into four subcategories: crops, livestock, mining, and other; and land. Moreover, the new SAM has 105 household groups that are disaggregated by national per capita expenditure quintiles, then split into national rural farm, rural nonfarm, and urban households. Sectoral production, factor markets, and household groups are split into seven subnational regions: Greater Cairo, Delta, Alexandria, Northern Upper Egypt, Middle Upper Egypt, Southern Upper Egypt, and Suez Canal. In total, the regional 2015 SAM is composed of 646 rows x 646 columns.

Year published

2021

Authors

International Food Policy Research Institute

Citation

International Food Policy Research Institute. 2021. 2015 Social Accounting Matrix for Egypt. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/NSSSYS. Harvard Dataverse. Version 1.

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Africa; Northern Africa; National Accounting; Taxes; Household Expenditure; Modelling; Labour; Social Accounting Matrix; Economic Indicators; Sex-disaggregated Data; Household Consumption

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.7910/dvn/nsssys Source record

Project

Policies, Institutions, and Markets

Record type

Dataset

Dataset

Egypt Disaggregated Social Accounting Matrix, 2010/11

2016International Food Policy Research Institute; Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, Arab Republic of Egypt
Details

Egypt Disaggregated Social Accounting Matrix, 2010/11

This data study includes disaggregated social accounting matrix (SAM) for the Egyptian economy for year 2010/11. This new SAM builds on the previous SAM 2010/11 built and published by Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) with the support of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). This SAM was constructed with a special focus on the agriculture sector and on income distribution amongst households. It is composed of 52 activity sectors, 49 commodity sectors, three types of factors of production: labor (unskilled labor, semiskilled labor, and skilled labor), land, and capital; a government account, as well as, enterprises, households, savings and investment, and the rest of the world (ROW). The household sector is divided spatially into urban and rural households, with each disaggregated into 10 deciles according to expenditure. The disaggregated SAM allows for analyzing agricultural issues at the detailed crop level and to better understand the potential impacts of policy changes for both better off and more vulnerable households.

Year published

2016

Authors

International Food Policy Research Institute; Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, Arab Republic of Egypt

Citation

International Food Policy Research Institute; Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, Arab Republic of Egypt. 2016. Egypt Disaggregated Social Accounting Matrix, 2010/11. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DH37H9. Harvard Dataverse. Version 1.

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Africa; Northern Africa; National Accounting; Income Distribution; National Income; Social Accounting Matrix

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.7910/dvn/dh37h9 Source record

Project

Policies, Institutions, and Markets

Record type

Dataset

Blogs

Higher wheat prices push Egypt to increase price of subsidized bread for first time since 1989
IFPRI Blog
 | 
August 07, 2024

Higher wheat prices push Egypt to increase price of subsidized bread for first time since 1989

By Nina Jovanovic and Joseph Glauber

Navigating an economic crisis.

Informing policies with causal impact evaluations: Co-creation and trust matter
IFPRI Blog
 | 
December 06, 2023

Informing policies with causal impact evaluations: Co-creation and trust matter

By Kibrom Abay, Akhter Ahmed, Clemens Breisinger, Naureen Karachiwalla, Sikandra Kurdi, and Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse

IFPRI assessments provide key information for policymakers.

IFPRI-AMIS policy seminar – Ukraine One Year Later: The impact of the war on agricultural markets and food security
IFPRI Blog
 | 
March 24, 2023

IFPRI-AMIS policy seminar – Ukraine One Year Later: The impact of the war on agricultural markets and food security

By Charlotte Hebebrand

Effects continue to reverberate around the world and in individual countries.

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Events

Food Systems for Healthy Diets and Nutrition: The MENA launch of IFPRI’s 2024 Global Food Policy Report
Series/Special Event

 | 

July 8, 2024, 9:00 – 11:30 am

Food Systems for Healthy Diets and Nutrition: The MENA launch of IFPRI’s 2024 Global Food Policy Report

Unhealthy diets are a major driver of all forms of malnutrition, including undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and overweight and obesity. Despite increasing global efforts to address malnutrition, as many as 3 billion people globally cannot afford healthy diets. The need to transform our food systems to ensure sustainable healthy diets for everyone is more urgent than […]

Launch Event: Impact Evaluation of Social Protection Programs
IFPRI Program/Country Event

 | 

May 7, 2023, 9:00 – 1:00 pm

Launch Event: Impact Evaluation of Social Protection Programs

Event: May 7, 2023 – 9:00 AM- 1:00 PM EEST. This launch event will address venues through which impact evaluation informs policymaking with a focus on social protection programs in Egypt, bringing officials, researchers, implementers, and NGOs together to share major findings and options for the future.

Ukraine One Year Later: the impact of the war on agricultural markets and food security
IFPRI Policy Seminar

 | 

March 8, 2023, 9:00 – 10:30 am

Ukraine One Year Later: the impact of the war on agricultural markets and food security

VIRTUAL IFPRI-AMIS Seminar Series: March 8, 2023 at 9:00am-10:30am EST. During this seminar speakers will discuss the war’s impacts on Ukraine’s producers, wheat buyers and importers in the MENA region, and households in Egypt and Yemen.

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News

August 02, 2023 | In the News

Mideast countries that are already struggling fear price hikes after Russia exits grain deal (Associated Press) 

Following Russia’s withdrawal from the grain agreement, “Egypt, the world’s largest wheat importer, and other lower-income Middle Eastern countries like Lebanon and Pakistan worry about what comes next,” writes the Associated Press.  “Despite the volatility, the costs are below what they were before Russia invaded Ukraine, and there is enough production to meet worldwide demand, […]

May 26, 2023 | In the News

Losses that harm everyone.. Any solutions to the meat crisis in Egypt? (Al Jazeera)

“The sharp increase in the price of red meat led to a decline in its consumption in Egypt,” reports Al Jazeera.   “According to a study conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in October and November of last year, involving over 6,000 poor and near-poor households from across Egypt, 85% of the households reduced […]

February 24, 2023 | In the News

Russia, Ukraine, and global food security: A one-year assessment (CSIS)

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and attacks on Ukraine’s agricultural system have led to unprecedented impacts on global agricultural markets, food security, and nutrition, writes CSIS in a piece on the current situation in Ukraine and how it is affecting the world.  “Since the implementation of the Black Sea Grain Initiative in August, Ukraine has exported over 22 million […]

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Projects

COVID-19 Policy Response (CPR) Portal

COVID-19 Policy Response (CPR) Portal

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The Water Energy Food Nexus

The Water Energy Food Nexus

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