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With research staff from more than 60 countries, and offices across the globe, IFPRI provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.

researcher spotlight

Carlo Azzarri

Carlo Azzarri is a Senior Research Fellow in the Innovation Policy and Scaling Unit. His work focuses on the relationships among poverty, nutrition, food security, agriculture, the environment, production, and migration—analyzed at both micro and macroeconomic levels, primarily using quantitative methods.

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Since 1975, IFPRI’s research has been informing policies and development programs to improve food security, nutrition, and livelihoods around the world.

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Publications

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Brief

Papua New Guinea: Systematic analysis of world market and domestic production shocks

2025Mukashov, Askar; Dorosh, Paul A.; Schmidt, Emily; Jones, Eleanor; Thurlow, James
Details

Papua New Guinea: Systematic analysis of world market and domestic production shocks

This study is part of a series of country briefs by IFPRI that leverages economywide models to deliver detailed risk assessments of key economic indicators. This initial analysis evaluates vulnerabilities across economic sectors and key population groups to answer two questions: (1) How vulnerable are national economy and population of Papua New Guinea (PNG) to world market and domestic production shocks? (2) What are the largest risks to PNG’s overall economic performance, private consumption, and reductions in poverty and undernourishment?

Year published

2025

Authors

Mukashov, Askar; Dorosh, Paul A.; Schmidt, Emily; Jones, Eleanor; Thurlow, James

Citation

Mukashov, Askar; Dorosh, Paul A.; Schmidt, Emily; Jones, Eleanor; and Thurlow, James. 2025. Papua New Guinea: Systematic analysis of world market and domestic production shocks. Economywide Risk Assessment Country Brief 10. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/174236

Country/Region

Papua New Guinea

Keywords

Oceania; Domestic Production; Shock; World Markets

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Source

Source record

Record type

Brief

Resource thumbnail

Dataset

Papua New Guinea Rural Household Survey, 2023

2025International Food Policy Research Institute
Details

Papua New Guinea Rural Household Survey, 2023

The Papua New Guinea Rural Household Survey (2023) collected detailed household-level data on agricultural production, food and non-food consumption and expenditure, and livelihood strategies across 14 provinces, covering communities in the highlands, lowlands, and islands of Papua New Guinea (PNG). The survey was designed using a purposive sampling strategy based on defined agro-ecological zones, which allows for the analysis of key factors influencing rural households and communities. It is important to note that the survey is not nationally representative; however, given the careful random selection of survey areas, we expect that generalizable relationships between variables affecting socio-economic and other development outcomes in rural PNG communities will be consistently observed across representative samples and in this survey. These factors include those that contribute to more resilient local food systems, diversified employment opportunities, and improved household wellbeing. The survey encompasses 2,699 households in 270 communities, spanning five agroecological zones. It features detailed modules on a wide range of topics relevant to rural livelihoods, agricultural production, and household wellbeing.

Year published

2025

Authors

International Food Policy Research Institute

Citation

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 2025.Papua New Guinea Household Survey on Food Systems, 2023. Washington, DC: IFPRI [dataset]. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/BYZMZ6. Harvard Dataverse.Version 1.

Country/Region

Papua New Guinea

Keywords

South-eastern Asia; Oceania; Asia; Rural Areas; Household Expenditure; Food Systems; Anthropometry; Crop Production; Off Farm Employment; Gender; Sex-disaggregated Data; Nutrition; Health

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.7910/dvn/byzmz6 Source record

Project

Rethinking Food Markets

Record type

Dataset

Resource thumbnail

Brief

Preferences for ecosystem payment programs in Papua New Guinea

2025Mukerjee, Rishabh; Schmidt, Emily; Holtemeyer, Brian; Gimiseve, Harry; Safi, Wendy
Details

Preferences for ecosystem payment programs in Papua New Guinea

We evaluate forest landholders’ preferences to enter a hypothetical Payment for Ecosystem Service (PES) contract (i.e., voluntary carbon credit contract) and assess the relative importance of different program attributes that influence forest landholder preference for such contracts. When evaluating the attractiveness of PES contracts for forest landholders, analysis suggests that on average, forest landholders are not inclined to enter a PES contract. However, when evaluating differences among households, a variety of characteristics shape the willingness to accept a PES contract, including:  Landholders that are aware of climate change impacts and those from communities that previously participated in forest protection programs are more likely to accept a PES contract.  Households that use forested land for commercial logging or hunting grounds are more inclined to accept a PES contract, viewing these contracts as an opportunity to protect forest goods and services.  Households that rely on forested land for timber harvesting for personal building purposes are less likely to join a PES program, viewing contracts as restrictive to personal land use needs. When assessing different levels of contract attributes (e.g., payment amount, forest area requirement, and contract length), analysis suggests that forest landholders are more likely to accept a contract that:  Offers higher financial incentives  Requires half of their forested land to be under contract (compared to all of their forested land). On average, forest landholders require an additional annual compensation of $39.07 USD (152 PGK) per hectare to accept PES contracts that require full forested land preservation compared to preserving half of their forested land.

Year published

2025

Authors

Mukerjee, Rishabh; Schmidt, Emily; Holtemeyer, Brian; Gimiseve, Harry; Safi, Wendy

Citation

Mukerjee, Rishabh; Schmidt, Emily; Holtemeyer, Brian; Gimiseve, Harry; and Safi, Wendy. 2025. Preferences for ecosystem payment programs in Papua New Guinea. Papua New Guinea Project Note 17. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/173596

Country/Region

Papua New Guinea

Keywords

Asia; Melanesia; Ecosystem Management; Forestry; Carbon; Climate Change

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Source

Source record

Project

Climate Resilience

Record type

Brief

Datasets

Dataset

Papua New Guinea Rural Household Survey, 2023

2025International Food Policy Research Institute
Details

Papua New Guinea Rural Household Survey, 2023

The Papua New Guinea Rural Household Survey (2023) collected detailed household-level data on agricultural production, food and non-food consumption and expenditure, and livelihood strategies across 14 provinces, covering communities in the highlands, lowlands, and islands of Papua New Guinea (PNG). The survey was designed using a purposive sampling strategy based on defined agro-ecological zones, which allows for the analysis of key factors influencing rural households and communities. It is important to note that the survey is not nationally representative; however, given the careful random selection of survey areas, we expect that generalizable relationships between variables affecting socio-economic and other development outcomes in rural PNG communities will be consistently observed across representative samples and in this survey. These factors include those that contribute to more resilient local food systems, diversified employment opportunities, and improved household wellbeing. The survey encompasses 2,699 households in 270 communities, spanning five agroecological zones. It features detailed modules on a wide range of topics relevant to rural livelihoods, agricultural production, and household wellbeing.

Year published

2025

Authors

International Food Policy Research Institute

Citation

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 2025.Papua New Guinea Household Survey on Food Systems, 2023. Washington, DC: IFPRI [dataset]. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/BYZMZ6. Harvard Dataverse.Version 1.

Country/Region

Papua New Guinea

Keywords

South-eastern Asia; Oceania; Asia; Rural Areas; Household Expenditure; Food Systems; Anthropometry; Crop Production; Off Farm Employment; Gender; Sex-disaggregated Data; Nutrition; Health

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.7910/dvn/byzmz6 Source record

Project

Rethinking Food Markets

Record type

Dataset

Dataset

2019 Social Accounting Matrix for Papua New Guinea

2022International Food Policy Research Institute
Details

2019 Social Accounting Matrix for Papua New Guinea

The Nexus Project is a collaboration between IFPRI and its partners, including national statistical agencies and research institutions. Our aim is to improve the quality of social accounting matrices (SAMs) used for computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling. The Nexus Project develops toolkits and establishes common data standards, procedures, and classification systems for constructing and updating national SAMs. The 2019 Papua New Guinea SAM follows the Standard Nexus Structure. The open access version of the Papua New Guinea SAM separates domestic production into 42 activities. Factors are disaggregated into labor, agricultural land, and capital. Labor is further disaggregated across three education categories. Representative households are disaggregated by rural and urban areas and by per capita expenditure quintile. The remaining accounts include enterprises, government, taxes, savings-and-investment, and the rest of the word.

Year published

2022

Authors

International Food Policy Research Institute

Citation

International Food Policy Research Institute. 2022. 2019 Social Accounting Matrix for Papua New Guinea. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/CBFYWF. Harvard Dataverse. Version 1.

Country/Region

Papua New Guinea

Keywords

Oceania; Melanesia; National Accounting; Taxes; Household Expenditure; Labour; Social Accounting Matrix; Economic Indicators; Sex-disaggregated Data; Household Consumption

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.7910/dvn/cbfywf Source record

Project

Policies, Institutions, and Markets

Record type

Dataset

Dataset

Replication Data for “Perceptions of Relative Deprivation and Women’s Empowerment”

2020International Food Policy Research Institute
Details

Replication Data for “Perceptions of Relative Deprivation and Women’s Empowerment”

These files comprise dataset and do-files for reproducing results presented in the article, “Perceptions of Relative Deprivation and Women’s Empowerment” (Kosec, Mo, Schmidt, and Song, 2021). The dataset “Data_PNG_all_tables” is constructed from the Papua New Guinea Household Survey on Food Systems, 2018. A detailed description of each variable in this dataset is included in section 4 of the article. The sampling procedure employed and the raw data are described in the publication “Papua New Guinea Survey Report: Rural Household Survey on Food Systems” (Schmidt et al., 2019).

Year published

2020

Authors

International Food Policy Research Institute

Citation

International Food Policy Research Institute. 2020. Replication Data for: Perceptions of Relative Deprivation and Women’s Empowerment. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/YKPSFU. Harvard Dataverse. Version 1.

Country/Region

Papua New Guinea

Keywords

Oceania; Melanesia; Gender; Women’s Empowerment; Labour; Decision Making; Poverty; Women

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.7910/dvn/ykpsfu Source record

Record type

Dataset

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