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Who we are

With research staff from more than 60 countries, and offices across the globe, IFPRI provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.

researcher spotlight

Kalyani Raghunathan

Kalyani Raghunathan is Research Fellow in the Poverty, Gender, and Inclusion Unit, based in New Delhi, India. Her research lies at the intersection of agriculture, gender, social protection, and public health and nutrition, with a specific focus on South Asia and Africa. 

Where we work

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Where we work

IFPRI currently has more than 600 employees working in over 80 countries with a wide range of local, national, and international partners.

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countries and regions

Publications

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Report

Synthesis of the agrifood systems’ hidden costs analysis in the six FABLE country case studies

2024
Vittis, Yiorgos; Mosnier, Aline; Smith, Alison; Arguello, Ricardo; Chavarro Diaz, John; Costa, Wanderson; Köberle, Alexandre; Singh, Vartika; Getaneh, Yonas; Nigussie, Yirgalem
…more Navarro, Javier; Sperling, Frank; Cozza, Davide; Orduña-Cabrera, Fernando; Lord, Steven; Benitez Humanes, Miguel
Details

Synthesis of the agrifood systems’ hidden costs analysis in the six FABLE country case studies

This chapter summarizes the main findings about hidden costs in agrifood systems across six countries, Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Ethiopia, India, and the United Kingdom building on the results from SOFA 2023, the FABLE Consortium, and the Food System Economic Commission (FSEC) initiative. While the fact that unhealthy diets currently trigger the biggest hidden costs in most countries was a surprise for some stakeholders, there was a consensus that this is an important and growing issue that urgently needs to be addressed. Changing diets and increasing agricultural productivity have the largest impact on reducing the agrifood system’s hidden costs in the future, but implementing an integrated strategy that can also target environmental protection has the largest benefits. Some hidden costs related to undernourishment are covered in the analysis, but they do not accurately reflect the size of the problem, particularly in low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Better local datasets should be used in hidden costs computation for GHG emissions and land cover change, and thresholds for poverty and undernourishment should be aligned with national statistics. There are challenges to communicating the complexity of the hidden costs method, but this topic is gaining momentum for policy planning, and several governments are already either utilizing or planning to develop similar metrics, so this analysis was a timely exercise.

Year published

2024

Authors

Vittis, Yiorgos; Mosnier, Aline; Smith, Alison; Arguello, Ricardo; Chavarro Diaz, John; Costa, Wanderson; Köberle, Alexandre; Singh, Vartika; Getaneh, Yonas; Nigussie, Yirgalem; Navarro, Javier; Sperling, Frank; Cozza, Davide; Orduña-Cabrera, Fernando; Lord, Steven; Benitez Humanes, Miguel

Citation

Vittis, Yiorgos; Mosnier, Aline; Smith, Alison; Arguello, Ricardo; Chavarro Diaz, John; et al. 2024. Synthesis of the agrifood systems’ hidden costs analysis in the six FABLE country case studies. In How to reduce agrifood systems’ future hidden costs? A multi-country case study, FABLE, Chapter 1, Pp. 9-55. https://fableconsortium.org/publications/how-to-reduce-agrifood-systems-future-hidden-costs-a-multi-country-case-study/

Country/Region

Australia; Brazil; Colombia; Ethiopia; India; United Kingdom

Keywords

Australia and New Zealand; Africa; Asia; Europe; South America; Capacity Building; Agrifood Systems; Healthy Diets; Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-NC-SA-3.0-IGO

Source

Source record

Project

NEXUS Gains

Record type

Report

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Brief

Intellectual property rights regimes, their assets, and limitations

2023Luwedde, Justine; Taylor, Peter; Koo, Jawoo; Chambers, Judith A.
Details

Intellectual property rights regimes, their assets, and limitations

The role of intellectual property has become increasingly important in protecting creations of the mind and making day-to-day business decisions. Hence, if innovations are left unprotected, they can be exploited by competitors with capacity to commercialize them. This policy brief points out that lowand middle-income countries face intellectual property-related challenges compared to high-income countries due to inadequate intellectual property awareness, the high cost of processing patent applications, weak enforcement of intellectual property rights, and weak research and development capacity. Group of Seven (G7) countries are thus better positioned, as high-income countries, to lead globally on intellectual property enforcement, and leverage the flexibilities within the trade related aspects of intellectual property to support and encourage future technologies in low- and middle-income countries. We propose that G7 countries support the creation of equity- and rights-based awareness on intellectual property rights, the improvement of mechanisms and systems for enforcement, and investment in research and development via building local support to reduce costs.

Year published

2023

Authors

Luwedde, Justine; Taylor, Peter; Koo, Jawoo; Chambers, Judith A.

Citation

Luwedde, Justine; Taylor, Peter; Koo, Jawoo; Chambers, Judith A. 2023. Intellectual property rights regimes, their assets, and limitations. Think7 Policy Brief April 2023. https://www.think7.org/publication/intellectual-property-rights-regimes-their-assets-and-limitations/

Country/Region

Canada; France; Germany; Italy; Japan; United States

Keywords

Northern America; Western Europe; Southern Europe; Eastern Asia; Copyright; Income; Intellectual Property Rights; Patents; Research

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Project

Digital Innovation

Record type

Brief

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Journal Article

How Denmark, England, Estonia, France, Germany, and the USA pay for variable, specialized and low volume care: A cross-country comparison of in-patient payment systems

2022Quentin, Wilm; Stephani, Victor; Berenson, Robert A.; Bilde, Lone; Grasic, Katja; Sikkut, Riina; Touré, Mariama; Geissler, Alexander
Details

How Denmark, England, Estonia, France, Germany, and the USA pay for variable, specialized and low volume care: A cross-country comparison of in-patient payment systems

Background: Diagnosis-related group (DRG)-based hospital payment can potentially be inadequately low (or high) for highly variable, highly specialized, and/or low volume care. DRG-based payment can be combined with other payment mechanisms to avoid unintended consequences of inadequate payment. The aim of this study was to analyze these other payment mechanisms for acute inpatient care across six countries (Germany, Denmark, England, Estonia, France, the United States [Medicare]). Methods: Information was collected about elements excluded from DRG-based payment, the rationale for exclusions, and payment mechanisms complementing DRG-based payment. A conceptual framework was developed to systematically describe, visualise and compare payment mechanisms across countries. Results: Results show that the complexity of exclusion mechanisms and associated additional payment components differ across countries. England and Germany use many different additional mechanisms, while there are only few exceptions from DRG-based payment in the Medicare program in the United States. Certain areas of care are almost always excluded (eg, certain areas of cancer care or specialized pediatrics). Denmark and England use exclusion mechanisms to steer service provision for highly complex patients to specialized providers. Conclusion: Implications for researchers and policy-makers include: (1) certain areas of care might be better excluded from DRG-based payment; (2) exclusions may be used to incentivize the concentration of highly specialized care at specialized institutions (as in Denmark or England); (3) researchers may apply our analytical framework to better understand the specific design features of DRG-based payment systems.

Year published

2022

Authors

Quentin, Wilm; Stephani, Victor; Berenson, Robert A.; Bilde, Lone; Grasic, Katja; Sikkut, Riina; Touré, Mariama; Geissler, Alexander

Citation

Quentin, Wilm; Stephani, Victor; Berenson, Robert A.; Bilde, Lone; Grasic, Katja; Sikkut, Riina; Touré, Mariama; and Geissler, Alexander. How Denmark, England, Estonia, France, Germany, and the USA pay for variable, specialized and low volume care: A cross-country comparison of in-patient payment systems. International Journal of Health Policy and Management 11(12) 2940-2950. https://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2022.6536

Country/Region

Denmark; United Kingdom; Estonia; France; Germany; United States

Keywords

Northern Europe; Europe; Northern America; Americas; Western Europe; Costs; Prospective Payment System; International Comparisons; Financing; Remuneration; Prices; Health Care

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Links

https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2022.6536 Source record

Record type

Journal Article

Events

An evolving paradigm of agricultural mechanization development: How much can Africa learn from Asia?
IFPRI Policy Seminar

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February 9, 2021, 9:30 – 10:30 am

An evolving paradigm of agricultural mechanization development: How much can Africa learn from Asia?

The event video, presenter slides, podcast, photos and blog will be available in the days following the event. Agricultural mechanization in Africa south of the Sahara — especially for small farms and businesses — requires a new paradigm to meet the needs of the continent’s evolving farming systems. Can Asia, with its recent success in […]

Meetings of Agricultural Chief Scientists of G20 States (MACS-G20)
IFPRI at External Event

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February 18 to 19, 2020

Meetings of Agricultural Chief Scientists of G20 States (MACS-G20)

IFPRI is participating in the annual “Meetings of Agricultural Chief Scientists of G20 States (MACS-G20)”, which have taken place since 2012, based on an initiative of the agricultural ministers of the G20 States to address central questions in fields of agriculture and nutrition which are too great to be solved with only national efforts, to better coordinate agricultural […]

Group of Twenty (G20)
IFPRI at External Event

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May 11 to 12, 2019

Group of Twenty (G20)

IFPRI will participate in several meetings of the Group of Twenty (G20), by invitation of the 2019 Presidency, to provide substantive inputs and enrich the discussion.    The G20 is an international forum, made up of 19 countries and the European Union, representing the world’s major developed and emerging economies. It is the premier forum […]

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Projects

Stories of Change in Nutrition

Stories of Change in Nutrition

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