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With research staff from more than 60 countries, and offices across the globe, IFPRI provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.

researcher spotlight

Carlo Azzarri

Carlo Azzarri is a Senior Research Fellow in the Innovation Policy and Scaling Unit. His work focuses on the relationships among poverty, nutrition, food security, agriculture, the environment, production, and migration—analyzed at both micro and macroeconomic levels, primarily using quantitative methods.

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Since 1975, IFPRI’s research has been informing policies and development programs to improve food security, nutrition, and livelihoods around the world.

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IFPRI currently has more than 600 employees working in over 80 countries with a wide range of local, national, and international partners.

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The European Commission is known as the European Union’s (EU’s) executive arm, containing a group of 28 commissioners known as ‘The College’. The Commission takes decisions on the Union’s political and strategic direction. The European Commission’s main priorities include the international market, the digital market, and migration.

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Projects

Developing Smart Innovations through Research in Agriculture (DeSIRA) Project

Developing Smart Innovations through Research in Agriculture (DeSIRA) Project

The Developing Smart Innovations through Research in Agriculture (DeSIRA) initiative is a five-year agricultural research project funded by the EU. Its main objective is to……

Southern Africa-Towards Inclusive Economic Development (SA-TIED)

Southern Africa-Towards Inclusive Economic Development (SA-TIED)

…

Food Security Portal

Food Security Portal

Volatile food prices, climate-change-driven shocks, conflict, economic downturns, and high population growth continue to raise serious concerns about food security and nutrition in many parts……

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Publications

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Journal Article

Governance and resilience as entry points for transforming food systems in the countdown to 2030

2025
Schneider, Kate R.; Remans, Roseline; Bekele, Tesfaye Hailu; Aytekin, Destan; Conforti, Piero; Dasgupta, Shouro; DeClerck, Fabrice A.J.; Dewi, Deviana; Fabi, Carola; Gephart, Jessica A.
…more Masuda, Yuta J.; McLaren, Rebecca; Saisana, Michaela; Aburto, Nancy; Ambikapathi, Ramya; Rodriguez, Mariana Arellano; Barquera, Simon; Battersby, Jane; Beal, Ty; Béné, Christophe; Cafiero, Carlo; Campeau, Christine; Caron, Patrick; Cattaneo, Cattaneo; Candel, Jeroen; Covic, Namukolo; del Pino Alvarez, Inmaculada; Barreto, Ana Paula Dominguez; Elouafi, Ismahane; Frazier, Tyler J.; Fremier, Alexander; Foley, Pat; Golden, Christopher D.; Fischer, Carlos Gonzalez; Guarin, Alejandro; Hendriks, Sheryl; Herforth, Anna; Honorati, Maddalena; Huang, Jikun; Getaneh, Yonas; Kennedy, Gina; Laar, Amos; Lal, Rattan; Lidder, Preetmoninder; Feye, Getachew Legese; Loken, Brent; Malapit, Hazel J.; Marshall, Quinn; Mulatu, Kalkidan A.; Munguia, Ana; Nordhagen, Stella; Resnick, Danielle; Suhardiman, Diana; Sumaila, U. Rashid; Sun, Bangyao; Mengesha, Belay Terefe; Cullen, Maximo Torero; Tubiello, Francesco N.; Dooren, Corné van; Morales, Isabel Valero; Vivero-Pol, Jose-Luis; Webb, Patrick; Wiebe, Keith D.; Haddad, Lawrence; Herrero, Mario; Moncayo, Jose Rosero; Fanzo, Jessica
Details

Governance and resilience as entry points for transforming food systems in the countdown to 2030

Due to complex interactions, changes in any one area of food systems are likely to impact—and possibly depend on—changes in other areas. Here we present the first annual monitoring update of the indicator framework proposed by the Food Systems Countdown Initiative, with new qualitative analysis elucidating interactions across indicators. Since 2000, we find that 20 of 42 indicators with time series have been trending in a desirable direction, indicating modest positive change. Qualitative expert elicitation assessed governance and resilience indicators to be most connected to other indicators across themes, highlighting entry points for action—particularly governance action. Literature review and country case studies add context to the assessed interactions across diets, environment, livelihoods, governance and resilience indicators, helping different actors understand and navigate food systems towards desirable change.Due to complex interactions, changes in any one area of food systems are likely to impact—and possibly depend on—changes in other areas. Here we present the first annual monitoring update of the indicator framework proposed by the Food Systems Countdown Initiative, with new qualitative analysis elucidating interactions across indicators. Since 2000, we find that 20 of 42 indicators with time series have been trending in a desirable direction, indicating modest positive change. Qualitative expert elicitation assessed governance and resilience indicators to be most connected to other indicators across themes, highlighting entry points for action—particularly governance action. Literature review and country case studies add context to the assessed interactions across diets, environment, livelihoods, governance and resilience indicators, helping different actors understand and navigate food systems towards desirable change.

Year published

2025

Authors

Schneider, Kate R.; Remans, Roseline; Bekele, Tesfaye Hailu; Aytekin, Destan; Conforti, Piero; Dasgupta, Shouro; DeClerck, Fabrice A.J.; Dewi, Deviana; Fabi, Carola; Gephart, Jessica A.; Masuda, Yuta J.; McLaren, Rebecca; Saisana, Michaela; Aburto, Nancy; Ambikapathi, Ramya; Rodriguez, Mariana Arellano; Barquera, Simon; Battersby, Jane; Beal, Ty; Béné, Christophe; Cafiero, Carlo; Campeau, Christine; Caron, Patrick; Cattaneo, Cattaneo; Candel, Jeroen; Covic, Namukolo; del Pino Alvarez, Inmaculada; Barreto, Ana Paula Dominguez; Elouafi, Ismahane; Frazier, Tyler J.; Fremier, Alexander; Foley, Pat; Golden, Christopher D.; Fischer, Carlos Gonzalez; Guarin, Alejandro; Hendriks, Sheryl; Herforth, Anna; Honorati, Maddalena; Huang, Jikun; Getaneh, Yonas; Kennedy, Gina; Laar, Amos; Lal, Rattan; Lidder, Preetmoninder; Feye, Getachew Legese; Loken, Brent; Malapit, Hazel J.; Marshall, Quinn; Mulatu, Kalkidan A.; Munguia, Ana; Nordhagen, Stella; Resnick, Danielle; Suhardiman, Diana; Sumaila, U. Rashid; Sun, Bangyao; Mengesha, Belay Terefe; Cullen, Maximo Torero; Tubiello, Francesco N.; Dooren, Corné van; Morales, Isabel Valero; Vivero-Pol, Jose-Luis; Webb, Patrick; Wiebe, Keith D.; Haddad, Lawrence; Herrero, Mario; Moncayo, Jose Rosero; Fanzo, Jessica

Citation

Schneider, Kate R.; Remans, Roseline; Bekele, Tesfaye Hailu; Aytekin, Destan; Conforti, Piero; Dasgupta, Shouro; et al. 2025. Governance and resilience as entry points for transforming food systems in the countdown to 2030. Nature Food 6: 105-116. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-024-01109-4

Keywords

Food Systems; Governance; Resilience; Transformation; Resiliencia; Sistema Alimentario; Gobernanza-gobernancia

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-NC-ND-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-024-01109-4 Source record

Record type

Journal Article

Article has an altmetric score of 147
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Journal Article

Progress in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) coverage and potential contribution to the decline in diarrhea and stunting in Ethiopia

2024Girma, Meron; Hussein, Alemayehu; Norris, Tom; Genye, Tirsit; Tessema, Masresha; Bossuyt, Anne; van Zyl, Cornelia
Details

Progress in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) coverage and potential contribution to the decline in diarrhea and stunting in Ethiopia

Inadequate safe water supply and poor sanitation and hygiene continue to be important risk factors for diarrhoea and stunting globally. We used data from the four rounds of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey and applied the new World Health Organization (WHO)/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) service standards to assess progress in water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) coverage between 2000 and 2016. We also performed an age-disaggregated pooled linear probability regression analysis followed by a decomposition analysis to determine whether changes in WASH practices have contributed to the changing prevalence of diarrhoea and stunting in children under 5 years of age. We observed a significant increase in the coverage of safe drinking water and adequate sanitation facilities over the period. At the national level, the use of a basic water source increased from 18% in 2000 to 50% in 2016. Open defecation declined from 82% to 32% over the same period. However, in 2016, only 6% of households had access to a basic sanitation facility, and 40% of households had no handwashing facilities. The reduction in surface water use between 2000 and 2016 explained 6% of the decline in diarrhoea observed among children aged 0–5 months. In children aged 6–59 months, between 7% and 9% of the reduction in stunting were attributable to the reduction in open defecation over this period. Despite progress, improvements are still needed to increase basic WASH coverage in Ethiopia. Our findings showed that improvements in water and sanitation only modestly explained reductions in diarrhoea and stunting.

Year published

2024

Authors

Girma, Meron; Hussein, Alemayehu; Norris, Tom; Genye, Tirsit; Tessema, Masresha; Bossuyt, Anne; van Zyl, Cornelia

Citation

Girma, Meron; Hussein, Alemayehu; Norris, Tom; Genye, Tirsit; Tessema, Masresha; Bossuyt, Anne; van Zyl, Cornelia; et al. 2024. Progress in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) coverage and potential contribution to the decline in diarrhea and stunting in Ethiopia. Maternal and Child Nutrition 20(S5): e13280. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13280

Country/Region

Ethiopia

Keywords

Eastern Africa; Sub-saharan Africa; Africa; Diarrhoea; Water; Stunting; Children; Hygiene; Drinking Water

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13280 Source record

Record type

Journal Article

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Report

2023 Global report on food crises: Joint analysis for better decisions

2023Food Security Information Network; Vos, Rob; Rice, Brendan
Details

2023 Global report on food crises: Joint analysis for better decisions

Founded by the European Union, FAO and WFP at the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit, the Global Network Against Food Crises is an alliance of humanitarian and development actors working together to prevent, prepare for, and respond to food crises and support the Sustainable Development Goal to End Hunger (SDG 2). It seeks to reduce vulnerabilities associated with acute hunger; achieve food security and improved nutrition; and promote sustainable agriculture and food systems, using a ‘3×3 approach.’ This involves working at the global, regional and national levels to support partnerships within existing structures and to improve advocacy, decision-making, policy and programming along the following three dimensions: Dimension 1 | Understanding food crises The work within this dimension aims to build greater consensus and promote evidencebased food security and nutrition analyses and reporting in order to strengthen the collection, quality and coverage of the food security and nutrition data and analysis, and inform decision-making and action. This will be achieved through the contribution to the Global Report on Food Crises, a unique ‘global public good’ under the coordination and leadership of the Food Security Information Network (FSIN), as well as the coordination, synthesis, and publication of technical analyses, including forward-looking analyses of food crises. Dimension 2 | Leveraging strategic investments in food security, nutrition and agriculture The work within this dimension aims to advocate for ‘fit for purpose’ financing that draws on the full range of resource flows (public and private, international and domestic) to better prepare for, prevent and respond to food crises. It seeks to improve coherence between humanitarian, development and peace actions (the HDP ‘nexus’) to build resilience to shocks and promote longer-term self-reliance. Activities include a strong focus on supporting capacity strengthening of country-level actors and institutions, as well as strengthening coordination at the regional level to ensure that investments are focused on the right place, at the right time. Dimension 3 | Going beyond food The work within this dimension aims to foster political uptake and coordination across clusters/sectors to address the underlying multi-dimensional drivers of food crises including environmental, political, economic, societal and security risk factors. It seeks to improve understanding and promote linkages between the different dimensions of fragility through knowledge sharing, advocacy and integrated policy responses.

Year published

2023

Authors

Food Security Information Network; Vos, Rob; Rice, Brendan

Citation

Food Security Information Network (FSIN). 2023. 2023 Global report on food crises: Joint analysis for better decisions. Rome, Italy; and Washington, DC: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); World Food Programme (WFP); and International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://www.fsinplatform.org/report/global-report-food-crises-2023/.

Keywords

Coronavirus; Covid-19; Vulnerability; Capacity Development; Hunger; Malnutrition; Nutrition; Coronavirinae; Food Security; Advocacy; Decision Making; Coronavirus Disease; Food Aid; Resilience; Sustainable Agriculture

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Report

Events

Transforming Food Systems After COVID-19: European Commission Discussion of IFPRI’s 2021 Global Food Policy Report
Series/Special Event

 | 

May 13, 2021, 6:00 – 7:30 am

Transforming Food Systems After COVID-19: European Commission Discussion of IFPRI’s 2021 Global Food Policy Report

Virtual Event: MAY 13, 2021- 06:00 AM to 07:30 AM European Commission share evidence on the impact of COVID-19 and discuss the furture of food systems transformation. 

Virtual Event - Local vs Global? The role of trade in building food system resilience
IFPRI Policy Seminar

 | 

January 13, 2021, 9:30 – 11:00 am

Virtual Event – Local vs Global? The role of trade in building food system resilience

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to wreak havoc on the global economy and put pressure on food supply chains, debate has resurged about the role of trade in protecting food security. Though food supply chains have proved fairly resilient during the outbreak, many countries have faced both severe disruptions in supply and shifts in food […]

Virtual Event - The European Green Deal: The Force of the EU's Farm to Fork Strategy and Biodiversity Strategy to Build Healthy and Sustainable Food Systems
IFPRI Policy Seminar

 | 

July 23, 2020, 9:30 – 10:45 am

Virtual Event – The European Green Deal: The Force of the EU’s Farm to Fork Strategy and Biodiversity Strategy to Build Healthy and Sustainable Food Systems

A discussion on the force of the EU's Farm to Fork Strategy & Biodiversity Strategy and building healthy & sustainable food systems. 
Watch Video
 

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Blogs

A new rapid assessment tool for food security risks posed by global price shocks
IFPRI Blog
 | 
December 07, 2023

A new rapid assessment tool for food security risks posed by global price shocks

By Nicholas Minot and Rob Vos

Introducing the Food Import Vulnerability Index (FIVI).

Understanding what impacts last, after the project ends
IFPRI Blog
 | 
October 08, 2019

Understanding what impacts last, after the project ends

By Alan de Brauw

A biofortification project in Mozambique shows lasting nutrition benefits.

Charting the future of agriculture in Zimbabwe using a ‘Future Search’ event
IFPRI Blog
 | 
March 01, 2019

Charting the future of agriculture in Zimbabwe using a ‘Future Search’ event

By Kristin Davis

An innovative exercise helps stakeholders break out of set ways of thinking.

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