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With research staff from more than 60 countries, and offices across the globe, IFPRI provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.

researcher spotlight

Carlo Azzarri

Carlo Azzarri is a Senior Research Fellow in the Innovation Policy and Scaling Unit. His work focuses on the relationships among poverty, nutrition, food security, agriculture, the environment, production, and migration—analyzed at both micro and macroeconomic levels, primarily using quantitative methods.

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Since 1975, IFPRI’s research has been informing policies and development programs to improve food security, nutrition, and livelihoods around the world.

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Development Strategies and Governance

Jie Song

Research Analyst

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Bio

Jie Song joined IFPRI in July 2018 as a Research Analyst in the Development Strategy and Governance Division (DSGD). Prior to joining IFPRI, Jie worked with the Georgetown University Initiative on Innovation, Development and Evaluation (gui2de) in Tanzania on the evaluation of Tanzania’s education reform and interned at the World Bank with a focus on infrastructure investments. She holds a Master’s degree in Public Policy from the McCourt School of Public Policy at Georgetown University and a Bachelor’s degree in Economics from The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Current Research:

  • How Do Perceptions of Relative Poverty Influence Women’s Empowerment? Evidence from Papua New Guinea
  • The Impact of Income Fluctuations on Rural Health and Nutrition Across the Life Cycle
  • Income Fluctuations and the Migration and Employment Choices of Agriculture-Dependent Households
  • Aspirations and Women’s Empowerment: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan
  • The Dragon’s Gift or Poison? The Localized Impact of Chinese Aid on Conflicts in Africa

Development Strategies and Governance

Publications

Resource thumbnail

Journal Article

The gendered impacts of income fluctuations on household departure, labor supply, and human capital decisions: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan

2023Kosec, Katrina; Song, Jie; Zhao, Hongdi; Holtemeyer, Brian
Details

The gendered impacts of income fluctuations on household departure, labor supply, and human capital decisions: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan

How do fluctuations in income affect labor supply decisions, and how do their effects differ by gender? This study analyzes data from a thirteen-year rolling panel in Kyrgyzstan spanning 2004–16. It addresses the endogeneity of fluctuations in income to labor supply decisions by employing shift share instruments that exploit region-level changes over time in growth rates of different sources of revenue and production costs. Estimating a household fixed effects model, the study finds that reductions in income relative to the median spur departure from the household (for example, due to migration), with smaller impacts on women than men. However, women’s labor supply at the origin is affected significantly more, with short-term increases in hours of employment and declines in home production and other activities. Reductions in income also fuel temporary migration for both genders, with larger effects for men, and widen the gender gap in pursuit of non-compulsory education.

Year published

2023

Authors

Kosec, Katrina; Song, Jie; Zhao, Hongdi; Holtemeyer, Brian

Citation

Kosec, Katrina; Song, Jie; Zhao, Hongdi; and Holtemeyer, Brian. 2023. The gendered impacts of income fluctuations on household departure, labor supply, and human capital decisions: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan. Feminist Economics 29(1): 205-235. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2022.2101680

Country/Region

Kyrgyzstan

Keywords

Central Asia; Decision Making; Gender; Households; Income; Labour

Language

English

Access/Licence

Limited Access

Links

https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2022.2101680 Source record

Project

Policies, Institutions, and Markets

Record type

Journal Article

Resource thumbnail

Journal Article

Aspirations and women’s empowerment: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan

2022Kosec, Katrina; Akramov, Kamiljon T.; Mirkasimov, Bakhrom; Song, Jie; Zhao, Hongdi
Details

Aspirations and women’s empowerment: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan

There is an enormous interest in development interventions aimed at reducing behavioural poverty traps, including by raising women’s and girls’ aspirations, or future-oriented goals. However, little is known about how women’s aspirations influence their gender attitudes, the marriages into which they select and their involvement in intra-household decision-making. We find that women in Kyrgyzstan with higher aspirations are more likely to espouse egalitarian gender attitudes, as are their husbands, and their husbands have higher aspirations. They also live in households in which women play a greater role in decision-making, and in which spouses are more likely to agree about women’s roles in decision-making.

Year published

2022

Authors

Kosec, Katrina; Akramov, Kamiljon T.; Mirkasimov, Bakhrom; Song, Jie; Zhao, Hongdi

Citation

Kosec, Katrina; Akramov, Kamiljon T.; Mirkasimov, Bakhrom; Song, Jie; and Zhao, Hongdi. 2022. Aspirations and women’s empowerment: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan. Economics of Transition and Institutional Change 30(1): 101-134. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12302

Country/Region

Kyrgyzstan

Keywords

Central Asia; Asia; Gender; Women’s Empowerment; Capacity Development; Empowerment; Daughrers; Aspirations; Decision Making; Women

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12302 Source record

Project

Policies, Institutions, and Markets

Record type

Journal Article

Resource thumbnail

Working Paper

The gendered impacts of income fluctuations on household departure, labor supply, and human capital decisions: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan

2021Kosec, Katrina; Song, Jie; Zhao, Hongdi; Holtemeyer, Brian
Details

The gendered impacts of income fluctuations on household departure, labor supply, and human capital decisions: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan

How do fluctuations in income affect labor supply decisions, and how do their effects differ by gender? We analyze data from a 13-year rolling panel in Kyrgyzstan spanning 2004—2016. We address the endogeneity of fluctuations in income to labor supply decisions using a household fixed effects model and exploiting region-level changes over time in growth rates of different sources of revenue and production costs to which households have varying levels of baseline exposure. We find that reductions in income relative to the median spur departure from the household (e.g., due to migration or new household formation), with smaller impacts on women than men. However, women’s labor supply at the origin is affected significantly more than that of men, with short-term increases in hours of employment and declines in home production and other activities. Reductions in income also fuel temporary migration for both genders, with larger effects for men, and widen the gender gap in pursuit of non-compulsory education.

Year published

2021

Authors

Kosec, Katrina; Song, Jie; Zhao, Hongdi; Holtemeyer, Brian

Citation

Kosec, Katrina; Song, Jie; Zhao, Hongdi; and Holtemeyer, Brian. 2021. The gendered impacts of income fluctuations on household departure, labor supply, and human capital decisions: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan. IFPRI Discussion Paper 2040. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134563.

Country/Region

Kyrgyzstan

Keywords

Central Asia; Asia; Income; Human Capital; Gender; Households; Employment; Income Distribution; Labor Supply; Migration

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Links

https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134563 Source record

Project

Policies, Institutions, and Markets

Record type

Working Paper