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With research staff from more than 60 countries, and offices across the globe, IFPRI provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.

researcher spotlight

Kalyani Raghunathan

Kalyani Raghunathan is Research Fellow in the Poverty, Gender, and Inclusion Unit, based in New Delhi, India. Her research lies at the intersection of agriculture, gender, social protection, and public health and nutrition, with a specific focus on South Asia and Africa. 

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Where we work

IFPRI currently has more than 600 employees working in over 80 countries with a wide range of local, national, and international partners.

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Costa Rica

countries and regions

Publications

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Brief

Costa Rica: Agricultural R&D indicators factsheet

2022Stads, Gert-Jan; de los Santos, Luis
Details

Costa Rica: Agricultural R&D indicators factsheet

Costa Rica has the largest agricultural research system in Central America, both in terms of investment and human resource capacity. Costa Rica stands out from other Central American countries in that its higher education section plays a preponderant role in the country’s agricultural research system. Despite spending more than other Central American on agricultural R&D in absolute terms, Costa Rica’s investment levels relative to agricultural GDP rank second in the region behind Panama. In 2020, Costa Rica spent 0.87 percent of its agricultural GDP on agricultural R&D, which was lower than ratios recorded a decade earlier. Costa Rica’s agricultural research capacity has gradually increased over the past decade. The rise in researcher numbers was largely driven by INTA, which recruited a considerable number of young, BSc-qualified researchers after a prolonged period of civil servant recruitment restrictions and the loss of senior scientists to retirement. INTA still lacks a critical mass of PhD-qualified researchers compared to the higher education sector. This factsheet was originally published and translated in 2015 and updated in 2022.

Year published

2022

Authors

Stads, Gert-Jan; de los Santos, Luis

Citation

Stads, Gert-Jan; and de los Santos, Luis. 2022. Costa Rica: Agricultural R&D indicators factsheet. Agricultural R&D Indicators Factsheet. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Inter-American Development Bank (IDB).

Country/Region

Costa Rica

Keywords

Central America; Research Methods; Funding; Gender; Research Support; Commodities; Stakeholders; Agricultural Policies; Agricultural Research; Agriculture; Financing

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Brief

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Working Paper

Medidas de protección social para la adopción de dietas sanas y accesibles en América Latina y el Caribe: Una revisión de la literatura

2020Biermayr-Jenzano, Patricia
Details

Medidas de protección social para la adopción de dietas sanas y accesibles en América Latina y el Caribe: Una revisión de la literatura

América Latina es el continente que se ha movilizado en forma consistente en cuanto al desarrollo, la adopción e implementación de estrategias de protección social que cubren aspectos de salud, nutrición, educación y trabajo entre otros factores de importancia básica para el desarrollo equitativo de la población de la región. La existencia de programas de transferencias condicionadas como así también de alimentación escolar o programas con metas específicas de alimentación dedicada a la niñez, la mujer lactante o personas de la tercera edad, tienen ya una profunda raigambre en la región con un reconocido impacto y en muchos casos se habla de estos programas en una segunda generación en determinados países (Adato & Hoddinott 2010; Bastagli, et al 2018; Takahashi, 2017). Todos los países en la región han adoptado estrategias de apoyo a las poblaciones más vulnerables con mayor o menor éxito (Stampini & Tornarolli, 2012), como parte de sus políticas de desarrollo integral. A pesar de la adopción e implementación de estas medidas, América Latina aun presenta un elevado porcentaje de su población con problemas de malnutrición (por desnutrición o sobrealimentación) lo cual hace que estos programas sean de una importancia central teniendo en cuenta además una variedad de modalidades como ser váuchers o bonos, tarjetas alimentarias y transferencias monetarias (Hidrobo et al, 2014) como así también su implementación en espacios o lugares estratégicos (escuelas y comedores escolares, centros de salud, etc.) donde se reciben los servicios que de este modo facilitan su adopción.

Year published

2020

Authors

Biermayr-Jenzano, Patricia

Citation

Biermayr-Jenzano, Patricia. 2020. Medidas de protección social para la adopción de dietas sanas y accesibles en América Latina y el Caribe: Una revisión de la literatura. LAC Working Paper 10. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134027

Country/Region

Brazil; Argentina; Mexico; Colombia; Costa Rica; Uruguay; Bolivia; Honduras; Peru; Guatemala; Ecuador

Keywords

South America; Latin America; Northern America; Central America; Education; Health Foods; Gender; Child Nutrition; School Feeding; Health; Social Protection; Nutrition; Cash Transfers; Food Security

Language

Spanish

Access/Licence

Open Access

Links

https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134027 Source record

Record type

Working Paper

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Working Paper

Foro de análisis financiamiento e inclusión financiera para el desarrollo agropecuario, rural y de sistemas alimentarios en América Latina y el Caribe: Documento resumen

2019Díaz-Bonilla, Eugenio; Fernández-Arias, Eduardo; Piñeiro, Valeria; Prato, Bettina; Arias, Joaquin
Details

Foro de análisis financiamiento e inclusión financiera para el desarrollo agropecuario, rural y de sistemas alimentarios en América Latina y el Caribe: Documento resumen

IFPRI e IICA, con el apoyo del Secretariado de la Red para la Inversión y la Financiación de la Agricultura en Pequeña Escala (SAFIN en inglés) con sede en FIDA, organizaron el 6 y 7 de mayo de 2019 en la sede del IICA en San José, Costa Rica, un foro para analizar la experiencia en materia de financiamiento e inclusión financiera para el desarrollo agropecuario, rural y de sistemas alimentarios en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). El objetivo ha sido construir una agenda de temas a analizar para derivar propuestas apropiadas de política económica en esas áreas. Previamente se distribuyó también un documento base para la discusión (Díaz-Bonilla y Fernández-Arias, 2019). Se invitó a especialistas de diferentes países, representando a organismos públicos, al sector privado, incluyendo grupos de productores agropecuarios, sociedad civil, organismos internacionales y organizaciones financieras de desarrollo no gubernamentales. El evento se inició con una presentación del Director General del IICA sobre la situación general del sector agropecuario en la región. Las sesiones temáticas se organizaron con la siguiente estructura: a) una presentación general para dar un marco a la discusión (usando especialmente el documento base mencionado, Díaz-Bonilla y Fernández-Arias, 2019); b) la propuesta de diferentes preguntas indicativas para el análisis; y 3) las intervenciones de los participantes. A continuación, se resumen diferentes aspectos del rico debate y análisis durante el foro, siguiendo básicamente la estructura de temas propuestos en la agenda.

Year published

2019

Authors

Díaz-Bonilla, Eugenio; Fernández-Arias, Eduardo; Piñeiro, Valeria; Prato, Bettina; Arias, Joaquin

Citation

Diaz-Bonilla, Eugenio; Fernandez-Arias, Eduardo; Piñeiro, Valeria; Prato, Bettina; and Arias, Joaquin. 2019. Foro de análisis financiamiento e inclusión financiera para el desarrollo agropecuario, rural y de sistemas alimentarios en América Latina y el Caribe: Documento resumen. LAC Working Paper 5. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

Country/Region

Costa Rica

Keywords

Caribbean; Central America; Financial Institutions; Financial Inclusion; Banking; Long-term Credit; Government; Agricultural Development; Financing; Food Systems

Language

Spanish

Access/Licence

Open Access

Links

https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133448 Source record

Record type

Working Paper

Datasets

Dataset

ASTI Costa Rica Database

2015Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators
Details

ASTI Costa Rica Database

This dataset includes national-level time series data on researcher capacity by qualification level, age bracket, discipline mix, and commodity, as well as a detailed breakdown of agricultural research investment across government, higher education, nonprofit, and (where possible) private for-profit agricultural research agencies. These data were derived through a series of primary survey rounds conducted by IFPRI’s Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) and in close collaboration with a large network of national collaborators. The ASTI data constitute a powerful resource for national and regional research managers, policymakers, donor organizations, and other stakeholders. ASTI’s key indicators provide both a diagnostic tool for assessing the allocation and use of existing resources and an advocacy tool for increasing resources and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of resource use. The ASTI website offers interactive pages that allow users to access country-level time series data, make cross-country comparisons, create graphs, and download country datasets and publications as well as detailed institutional information on agencies involved in agricultural research. The interactive benchmarking tool on the ASTI website is a convenient map-based instrument allowing users to make cross-country comparisons and rankings based on a wide set of financial and human resource indicators. The detailed ASTI datasets are available in an easy-to-use data download tool. Detailed information on definitions, methodology, and calculation procedures are available at www.asti.cgiar.org

Year published

2015

Authors

Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators

Citation

Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators. 2015. ASTI Costa Rica database. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://www.asti.cgiar.org/costa_rica. Harvard Dataverse. Version 1.

Country/Region

Costa Rica

Keywords

Americas; Latin America and the Caribbean; Central America; Agricultural Research

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-NC-3.0

Source

Source record

Project

Policies, Institutions, and Markets

Record type

Dataset

Dataset

Costa Rica, Social Accounting Matrix, 1997

2005International Food Policy Research Institute
Details

Costa Rica, Social Accounting Matrix, 1997

The 1997 SAM for Costa Rica takes into account the new non-traditional export sectors spurred by the export promotion policies of the past two decades. The existing SAMs for Costa Rica do not include these new sectors and the productive linkages between these and the rest of the economy. To attend this serious gap,an effort was carried out to compile a 1997 SAM for Costa Rica, the construction of which is explained in this document along the lines of a ‘top-down’ estimation procedure. The entries of the new SAM were first adjusted in a summary set of national accounts and then subsets of estimates were adjusted to the controlling aggregate totals. The elimination of data discrepancies, in particular the reconciliation of national accounts data and survey data, was successfully implemented using the Cross-Entropy (CE) method whereby a comprehensive set of constraints could be imposed using all the prior reliable information available. The macro SAM was disaggregated to arrive at a ‘raw micro SAM’. The activity account was split into the 17 production activity accounts, including but not limited to domestic, traditional and non-traditional export agriculture, food industries, textiles, wood products, oil and chemicals, paper, construction, trade, restaurants and hotels, transport and communucation, electricity, gas and water, financial services and insurance. In consistency with the activity breakdown, the flows in the commodity account were split into 17 accounts. Row-wise these flows included intermediate consumption, private and government consumption, gross fixed capital formation, inventory change,export subsidies, and exports. Column-wise the disaggregation was for sale and consumption taxes, import tariffs, export taxes and imports, using national accounts data at the commodity level.

Year published

2005

Authors

International Food Policy Research Institute

Citation

International Food Policy Research Institute. 2005. Costa Rica, Social Accounting Matrix, 1997. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. http://hdl.handle.net/1902.1/17564. Harvard Dataverse. Version 1.

Country/Region

Costa Rica

Keywords

Americas; Latin America and the Caribbean; Central America; Production; National Accounting; Export Promotion

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-NC-3.0

Source

Source record

Record type

Dataset

Blogs

How climate change will impact agricultural productivity in Central America and the Andean Region
IFPRI Blog
 | 
August 19, 2019

How climate change will impact agricultural productivity in Central America and the Andean Region

By Timothy S. Thomas, Ana María Loboguerrero RodrÍguez, Ana R. Rios, Deissy Martínez Barón, Graciela Magrin, and Vicente Barros

Central America will be particularly hard-hit by declining yields of rainfed maize, modeling shows.

Events

La agricultura de las Américas en el camino a la COP27: desafíos y oportunidades de la política pública
IFPRI Policy Seminar

 | 

October 27, 2022, 9:30 – 11:00 am

La agricultura de las Américas en el camino a la COP27: desafíos y oportunidades de la política pública

Virtual Event: October 27, 2022 – 9:30 AM to 11:00 AM EDT. This event will be in Spanish, with English interpretation available and seeks to create a space for inter-agency dialogue and discussion on the changes and continuities in regional public policy regarding the contribution of agriculture to face the climate crisis.

Climate Change and Agriculture in Central America and the Andean Region
IFPRI Program/Country Event

 | 

January 29, 2020, 10:00 – 11:00 am

Climate Change and Agriculture in Central America and the Andean Region

Climate change poses a threat to food security and nutrition, largely through its impacts on agricultural production. To help developing countries identify where adaptation measures are most needed, IFPRI, with support from the CGIAR Research Programs on Policy, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) and Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS), conducted a multiyear study to […]

News

September 16, 2019 | In the News

$1m a minute: the farming subsidies destroying the world – report (The Guardian)

The Guardian (UK), in an article on climate change and farm subsidies, detailed the results of a new report from the Food and Land Use Coalition. The subsidy analysis in the report was performed by IFPRI. The Report found that the cost of the damage currently caused by agriculture is greater than the value of […]

Projects

Agricultural Transformation and Policy: What are the policy priorities?

Agricultural Transformation and Policy: What are the policy priorities?

Achieving agricultural transformation in a country – the transformation of an agri-food system from a high prevalence of subsistence farming to high productivity, so that……

Agricultural adaptation to climate change in Latin America and the Caribbean

Agricultural adaptation to climate change in Latin America and the Caribbean

…