IFPRI CGIAR
Subscribe

Back

Who we are

With research staff from more than 60 countries, and offices across the globe, IFPRI provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.

researcher spotlight

Kalyani Raghunathan

Kalyani Raghunathan is Research Fellow in the Poverty, Gender, and Inclusion Unit, based in New Delhi, India. Her research lies at the intersection of agriculture, gender, social protection, and public health and nutrition, with a specific focus on South Asia and Africa. 

Where we work

Back

Where we work

IFPRI currently has more than 600 employees working in over 80 countries with a wide range of local, national, and international partners.

IFPRI Regional Programs

IFPRI Country Programs

Research by country and region

Subscribe

experts

Foresight and Policy Modeling

Barun Deb Pal

Research Coordinator

Bio

Barun Pal is a Research Coordinator in the Foresight and Policy Modeling Unit working on various current research issues relevant to agricultural sector development in South Asia, with special focus on India. He studies the impact of climate-smart agriculture on future GHG emissions from the agriculture sector in India, the impact of an integrated watershed management program in Maharashtra, doubling farmer’s income in Karnataka, and the land use modeling activities of IFPRI. He has more than 10 years of research experience on climate change and economic growth, and climate-smart agriculture prioritization. Through his involvement in academic and policy research, he has gained expertise in computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling, macroeconomic modeling using input-output economics and social accounting methods, and land use planning models in linear and nonlinear frameworks. Prior to joining IFPRI as a Project Manager, he worked in various capacities including assisting IFPRI and CGIAR’s CCAFS research team to implement the ongoing research program on climate-smart agriculture in Indian states, including Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, and Madhya Pradesh. He started his career with the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER), New Delhi, India.

Google Scholar Citations

Publications

Publications

Resource thumbnail

Journal Article

Impact of adoption of climate smart agriculture practices on farmer’s income in semi-arid regions of Karnataka

2024Kapoor, Shreya; Pal, Barun Deb
Details

Impact of adoption of climate smart agriculture practices on farmer’s income in semi-arid regions of Karnataka

Context Semi-arid regions are one of the most vulnerable regions of climate change to agriculture. Karnataka, a semi-arid state of India has warmed by 0.4 °C with declining trends in average annual rainfall by 10 % over the last century, is highly vulnerable to climate change. To adapt with this climate change impact, Government of Karnataka along with CGIAR institutes and agriculture universities had initiated the Bhoo-Samrudhi program in 2013 to promote climate smart agriculture practices in the state. The primary aim of this program was to enhance crop productivity by 25 % and farmers income by 20 %. Objective Firstly, this study aims to identify who adopts CSA practices and at what scale? Secondly, how much additional income farmers earn by adopting CSA practices as compared the non-CSA but improved agricultural practices, and the traditional practices. Thirdly, this study estimates marginal increase in farmers income at difference scale of adoption of CSA practices. Finally, this study identifies possible challenges and opportunities in upscaling the adoption of CSA practices in the state. Methods A primary survey using a semi-structured questionnaire was conducted among the selected 1466 farmer households in four districts of Karnataka (Bidar, Chikballapur, Dharwad, and Udupi). The sample consisted of 833 adopter farmers and 633 non-adopter farmers. Non-adopter farmers were those who were following traditional practice of crop cultivation and rest of the farmers are treated as adopters. The study used multinomial logistic regression to explore what made adopter farmers different from non-adopter farmers. Further, we had applied propensity score matching and inverse probability weighted regression adjustment methods to estimate the impact of scale of adoption of CSA practices on farmers income. Results and conclusions The results highlighted that landholding size, education levels, and asset ownership likely affect the adoption of various levels of CSA practice intensification. Moreover, the impact of adoption on farmers’ income is estimated to be Rs. 4845 for low intensified, Rs. 6801 for medium intensified, and Rs. 7858 for highly intensified farmers, in comparison to the improved technology adopters. Therefore, we can conclude that adoption of single technology may not be able to solve the problem, instead technology intensification can be a more effective mechanism to deal with the vulnerabilities and create resilience against climate change. Significance Technology adoption has been a proven method to improve agricultural productivity as well as income of the farmers in semi-arid regions across the globe. However, an upcoming method to improve food and livelihood security is through sustainable technological intensification. Thus, this study contributes to providing empirical and evidence-based policy suggestions to promote technology intensification instead of just promoting one single technology. Therefore, technology intensification can be considered as a package of multiple technologies for the farmers to improve their crop and land productivity, and to gain higher economic return.

Year published

2024

Authors

Kapoor, Shreya; Pal, Barun Deb

Citation

Kapoor, Shreya; and Pal, Barun Deb. 2024. Impact of adoption of climate smart agriculture practices on farmer’s income in semi-arid regions of Karnataka. Agricultural Systems 221(December 2024): 104135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104135

Country/Region

India

Keywords

Asia; Southern Asia; Climate Change; Climate-smart Agriculture; Farmers; Technology

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Links

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104135 Source record

Project

Climate Resilience

Record type

Journal Article

Resource thumbnail

Working Paper

Adapting to climate change: The case of saline tolerant seed varieties in coastal Bangladesh

2024Pal, Barun Deb; Kapoor, Shreya; Rashid, Shahidur
Details

Adapting to climate change: The case of saline tolerant seed varieties in coastal Bangladesh

Salt water intrusion and rising soil salnity are threatening food and livelihood security of paddy farmers in coastal Bangladesh. Visible manifestations of these challenges are degraded soils and chronic decline in tradtional farming, as it is becoming an increasingly infeasible means of livelihood. Promoting saline-tolerant paddy varieties (STRV) has been one of the major focuses of the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) and the attention to the problem has been intensified in recent years through a partnerhsip with a consortium of CGIAR centers. Howewer, robust empirical analysis has hitherto been limited. Using farm level data, this paper analyzes the determinants and impacts of the adopting these new varieties. We use a multi-variate logit model to identify the constraints to adoption, and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Endogeneous Switching Regression methods to assess the impacts on yeilds, and net income of the paddy farmers. Results show that adopting saline-tolerant rice varieties raises crop yield by an average of 1 to 2 tons per hectare, equivalent to a net income increase of about US$100 per hectare of cultivated land. Yet, adoption rates remain low due to several institutional constraints and perhaps a lack of nudging farmers in the scaling up strategies. Robustness of the results are tested, and the implications are discussed.

Year published

2024

Authors

Pal, Barun Deb; Kapoor, Shreya; Rashid, Shahidur

Citation

Pal, Barun Deb; Kapoor, Shreya; and Rashid, Shahidur. 2024. Adapting to climate change: The case of saline tolerant seed varieties in coastal Bangladesh. IFPRI Discussion Paper 2291. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

Country/Region

Bangladesh

Keywords

Asia; Southern Asia; Climate Change Adaptation; Impact; Livelihoods; Saltwater Intrusion; Rice; Seeds; Soil; Technology Adoption

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Project

Foresight

Record type

Working Paper

Resource thumbnail

Brief

Cluster-based development: Lessons from country experiences for Odisha, India

2024Belton, Ben; Breisinger, Clemens; Kassim, Yumna; Pal, Barun Deb; Narayanan, Sudha; Zhang, Xiaobo
Details

Cluster-based development: Lessons from country experiences for Odisha, India

Clusters are spatial aggregations of small businesses producing the same or related goods or services. Together, these businesses have the potential to contribute to economic development of rural areas by compounding the existing strengths of local producing communities. Cluster-based development has been successful where governments facilitate infrastructure and provide services to support existing clusters, often leading to spillover and expansion of these clusters to wider areas over time (Abdelaziz et al. 2021). Agrifood cluster development can occur via two broad mechanisms: (1) immanent development, where clusters of commercial farms as well as firms in the value chain that provide goods and services re quired by farms (for example, specialized production inputs, machinery, and transport), emerge spontaneously in co-located groups; and (2) organized development, where actors such as government, companies, or nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) organize producers into groups to deliver extension services, inputs, or credit or to upgrade production practices, facilitate collective action to improve terms of market access, or enable compliance with standards or forms of branding such as geographic indications

Year published

2024

Authors

Belton, Ben; Breisinger, Clemens; Kassim, Yumna; Pal, Barun Deb; Narayanan, Sudha; Zhang, Xiaobo

Citation

Belton, Ben; Breisinger, Clemens; Kassim, Yumna; Pal, Barun Deb; Narayanan, Sudha; and Zhang, Xiaobo. 2024. Cluster-based development: Lessons from country experiences for Odisha, India. South Asia Policy Perspectives 1. New Delhi, India: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/152082

Country/Region

India

Keywords

Asia; Southern Asia; Small and Medium Enterprises; Economic Development; Rural Areas; Value Chains; Infrastructure

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Source

Source record

Project

National Policies and Strategies

Record type

Brief

Blogs

What ails India’s free trade agreements?
IFPRI Blog
 | 
March 12, 2020

What ails India’s free trade agreements?

By Sanjib Pohit and Barun Deb Pal

Lack of harmonized standards and certification issues that increase transaction costs plague India’s FTAs.

Confronting the challenges of salinity intrusion on agriculture in South Asia
IFPRI Blog
 | 
February 01, 2019

Confronting the challenges of salinity intrusion on agriculture in South Asia

By Himanshu Pathak, Barun Deb Pal, and P.K. Joshi

Saltwater is increasingly contaminating fresh water sources, posing grave risks for agriculture in Bangladesh and India that will require creative policy solutions – a discussion.

Events

32nd International Conference of Agricultural Economists
IFPRI at External Event

 | 

August 2 to 7, 2024

32nd International Conference of Agricultural Economists

The triennial International Conference of Agricultural Economists (ICAE-2024), centred on the theme “Transformation Towards Sustainable Agri-Food Systems” is scheduled from August 2-7, 2024, in New Delhi, India. The conference offers a distinctive platform, providing a golden opportunity for the agricultural academic institutions and researchers to convene in person, exchange knowledge, and actively contribute to the […]

5th Global Food Security Conference
IFPRI at External Event

 | 

April 9 to 12, 2024

5th Global Food Security Conference

Conference: April 9-12, 2024 – 7:30 AM- 6:00 PM CET. Building on the momentum from the UN Food System Summit and recognizing that the 2030 target year of the Sustainable Development Goals is on the horizon, this 5th Global Food Security Conference will bring together science, business, and policy to address this need.

News

March 10, 2020 | In the News

What ails India’s free trade agreements (FTA)? (Financial Express)

The Financial Express (India) published an op-ed by South Asia Office, Project Manager Barun Deb Pal and co-author Sanjib Pohit on the lack of harmonized standards and certification issues that increase transaction costs plague India’s FTAs. All FTAs are bound by the rules, which need to be adhered to if one is to benefit from […]