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Who we are

With research staff from more than 60 countries, and offices across the globe, IFPRI provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.

researcher spotlight

Kalyani Raghunathan

Kalyani Raghunathan is Research Fellow in the Poverty, Gender, and Inclusion Unit, based in New Delhi, India. Her research lies at the intersection of agriculture, gender, social protection, and public health and nutrition, with a specific focus on South Asia and Africa. 

Where we work

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Where we work

IFPRI currently has more than 600 employees working in over 80 countries with a wide range of local, national, and international partners.

IFPRI Regional Programs

IFPRI Country Programs

Research by country and region

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The Earth Planet

El Salvador

countries and regions

Publications

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Journal Article

Can conditional cash transfers improve maternal health care? Evidence from El Salvador’s Comunidades Solidarias Rurales program

2020de Brauw, Alan; Peterman, Amber
Details

Can conditional cash transfers improve maternal health care? Evidence from El Salvador’s Comunidades Solidarias Rurales program

There is growing evidence on positive human capital impacts of large, poverty‐focused cash transfer programs. However, evidence is inconclusive on whether cash transfer programs affect maternal health outcomes, and if so, through which pathways. We use a regression discontinuity design with an implicit threshold to evaluate the impact of Comunidades Solidarias Rurales in El Salvador on four maternal health service utilization outcomes: (a) prenatal care; (b) skilled attendance at birth; (c) birth in health facilities; and (d) postnatal care. We find robust impacts on outcomes at the time of birth but not on prenatal and postnatal care. In addition to income effects, supply‐side health service improvements and gains in women’s agency may have played a role in realizing these gains. With growing inequalities in maternal health outcomes globally, results contribute to an understanding of how financial incentives can address health systems and financial barriers that prevent poor women from seeking and receiving care at critical periods for both maternal and infant health.

Year published

2020

Authors

de Brauw, Alan; Peterman, Amber

Citation

de Brauw, Alan; and Peterman, Amber. 2020. Can conditional cash transfers improve maternal health care? Evidence from El Salvador’s Comunidades Solidarias Rurales program. Health Economics 29(6): 700-715. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4012

Country/Region

El Salvador

Keywords

Central America; Americas; Latin America; Maternal and Child Health; Regression Analysis; Health; Child Health; Social Protection; Children; Cash Transfers; Rural Areas; Women

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4012 Source record

Record type

Journal Article

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Working Paper

Climate change impacts in El Salvador’s economy: The agriculture sector

2019Salazar, Mauricio; Thomas, Timothy S.; Dunston, Shahnila; Nazareth, Vijay
Details

Climate change impacts in El Salvador’s economy: The agriculture sector

This report finds that by 2050 the negative effect of climate change on agricultural productivity in El Salvador will be among the highest in the region. Of the food crops, sorghum will have losses due to climate at around 14 percent; maize at 13 percent; and rice at 11 percent. Sugar cane will potentially lose 36 percent due to climate change. Furthermore, El Salvador will possibly be the country hit harder in the coffee sector than any other country in the world, with a loss of more than 35 percent of the suitable coffee growing area (Ovalle-Rivera et al. 2015). Livestock productivity, as well, will be impacted by the higher temperatures. Recommendations for policy makers are presented that will help deal with the multi-pronged threat that climate change brings to the agricultural sector of El Salvador.

Year published

2019

Authors

Salazar, Mauricio; Thomas, Timothy S.; Dunston, Shahnila; Nazareth, Vijay

Citation

Salazar, Mauricio; Thomas, Timothy S.; Dunston, Shahnila; and Nazareth, Vijay. 2019. Climate change impacts in El Salvador’s economy: The agriculture sector. IFPRI Discussion Paper 1826. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

Country/Region

El Salvador

Keywords

Central America; Americas; Models; Mathematical Models; Sorghum Grain; Agricultural Policies; Sugar Cane; Maize; Crop Yield; Agriculture; Climate Change Adaptation; Coffee; Food Security; Poverty; Crop Modelling; Climate Change

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Links

https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133211 Source record

Project

Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security

Record type

Working Paper

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Working Paper

Climate change and agriculture in Central America and the Andean Region

2018Thomas, Timothy S.; Loboguerrero, Ana Maria; Rios, Ana R.; Martínez-Barón, Deissy; Magrín, Graciella; Barros, Vicente
Details

Climate change and agriculture in Central America and the Andean Region

Climate change poses a threat to food security and nutrition, largely through its impacts on agricultural production. To help developing countries identify where adaptation measures are most needed, IFPRI conducted a multiyear study to assess the potential impact of climate change on the agriculture sector through 2050, taking into account the likely landscape of political and economic challenges that policy makers will face. The study integrated results from climate and economic models, and included detailed biophysical and bioeconomic analyses of Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica in Central America and Colombia and Peru in the Andean region of South America. Analysis was done at a 50-kilometer resolution for a detailed distribution of the direct climate shocks, and at the country level to show aggregate economic shocks.

Year published

2018

Authors

Thomas, Timothy S.; Loboguerrero, Ana Maria; Rios, Ana R.; Martínez-Barón, Deissy; Magrín, Graciella; Barros, Vicente

Citation

Thomas, Timothy S.; Loboguerro Rodriguez, Ana Maria; Rios, Ana R.; Martínez-Barón, Deissy; Magrín, Graciella; and Barros, Vicente. 2018. Climate change and agriculture in Central America and the Andean Region. Project Note. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

Country/Region

Colombia; Costa Rica; Nicaragua; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Peru

Keywords

South America; Central America; Latin America; Greenhouse Gases; Agricultural Policies; Crop Yield; Climate Change Adaptation; Food Security; Climate Change

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Project

Policies, Institutions, and Markets

Record type

Working Paper

Datasets

Dataset

A 2000 Social Accounting Matrix for El Salvador

2005International Food Policy Research Institute
Details

A 2000 Social Accounting Matrix for El Salvador

The 2000 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for El Salvador was constructed following the Central Bank Input-Output Matrix (IOM) for year 2000 and includes 45 production sectors in the economy. Factors were divided in eighteen groups: capital, land, and sixteen categories of labor. The labor force was divided into skilled and unskilled labor, both disaggregated by whether a person works in the tradables or nontradables sector, whether he/she works in an urban or rural area, and by gender. Institutions were comprised of households, the government, an enterprise account and the rest of the world. Households were divided into four categories according to degree of urbanization and educational level of the head of household: urban/rural families whose head has/has not completed at least ninth grade.

Year published

2005

Authors

International Food Policy Research Institute

Citation

International Food Policy Research Institute. 2005. A 2000 Social Accounting Matrix for El Salvador. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. http://hdl.handle.net/1902.1/17605. Harvard Dataverse. Version 1.

Country/Region

El Salvador

Keywords

Americas; Latin America and the Caribbean; Central America; Capital; Education; Households; Urban Areas; Labour; Economic Sectors; Land; Rural Areas

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-NC-3.0

Source

Source record

Record type

Dataset

Blogs

How climate change will impact agricultural productivity in Central America and the Andean Region
IFPRI Blog
 | 
August 19, 2019

How climate change will impact agricultural productivity in Central America and the Andean Region

By Timothy S. Thomas, Ana María Loboguerrero RodrÍguez, Ana R. Rios, Deissy Martínez Barón, Graciela Magrin, and Vicente Barros

Central America will be particularly hard-hit by declining yields of rainfed maize, modeling shows.

U.S. immigration policies may harm economies, worsen poverty in Central American countries
IFPRI Blog
 | 
November 09, 2018

U.S. immigration policies may harm economies, worsen poverty in Central American countries

By Eugenio Diaz-Bonilla, Valeria Piñeiro, and Sherman Robinson

A model shows how large-scale deportations would create problems for El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras.

Strings attached
Insights Magazine
 | 
June 14, 2016

Strings attached

By Peter Shelton

IFPRI research sheds new light on migrant remittances and spending patterns among recipients living in El Salvador. Globally, remittances—money sent home from migrants working and living abroad—account for more than $400 billion a year. That’s no small potatoes. But there’s a lot we don’t know about this stream of remittances—and plenty that even the people […]

View all Blogs

Events

Climate Change and Agriculture in Central America and the Andean Region
IFPRI Program/Country Event

 | 

January 29, 2020, 10:00 – 11:00 am

Climate Change and Agriculture in Central America and the Andean Region

Climate change poses a threat to food security and nutrition, largely through its impacts on agricultural production. To help developing countries identify where adaptation measures are most needed, IFPRI, with support from the CGIAR Research Programs on Policy, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) and Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS), conducted a multiyear study to […]

Electronic Dialogue: El Niño, La Niña, and Effects on 2015 Grain Production
IFPRI at External Event

 | 

September 25, 2015, 1:00 – 3:00 pm

Electronic Dialogue: El Niño, La Niña, and Effects on 2015 Grain Production

Join leading experts to discuss the ongoing drought in Central America at the Sept 25 virtual dialogue.

News

March 05, 2021 | In the News

Due to the hurricanes and the pandemic, hunger soars in Central America (El Mercurio)

El Mercurio published an article about food systems, food security, and hunger & poverty in Latin America. Acute food insecurity in About 8 million people in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua, are going hungry in 2021, in a dilemma that has been fueled by extreme weather events and the COVID-19 pandemic’s effect on the […]

October 31, 2020 | In the News

“Sponge City”: San Salvador uses nature to fight floods (Reliefweb)

Reliefweb published an article on how ongoing floods in El Salvador are causing a loss of crops, particularly coffee in the country. One farmer said, “The landslides take away all the crops planted in that area, so you need to reinvest. It drains resources when resources are scarce, to begin with.” In recent years, climate change has made […]

Projects

Agricultural adaptation to climate change in Latin America and the Caribbean

Agricultural adaptation to climate change in Latin America and the Caribbean

…

Food Security Portal

Food Security Portal

Volatile food prices, climate-change-driven shocks, conflict, economic downturns, and high population growth continue to raise serious concerns about food security and nutrition in many parts……