IFPRI CGIAR
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Who we are

With research staff from more than 60 countries, and offices across the globe, IFPRI provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.

researcher spotlight

Liangzhi You

Liangzhi You is a Senior Research Fellow and theme leader in the Foresight and Policy Modeling Unit, based in Washington, DC. His research focuses on climate resilience, spatial data and analytics, agroecosystems, and agricultural science policy. Gridded crop production data of the world (SPAM) and the agricultural technology evaluation model (DREAM) are among his research contributions. 

Where we work

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Where we work

IFPRI currently has more than 600 employees working in over 80 countries with a wide range of local, national, and international partners.

IFPRI Regional Programs

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Research by country and region

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partnerships

The International Potato Center (CIP), one of fifteen CGIAR research centers, and partners are dedicated to achieving food security, well-being, and gender equity for poor people in root and tuber farming systems in the developing world. CIP achieves this mission through research and innovation in science, technology, and capacity strengthening.

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Publications

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Book Chapter

Impact of climate change on trade in Africa

2024Mamboundou, Pierre; Traoré, Fousseini; Zaki, Chahir
Details

Impact of climate change on trade in Africa

The literature on the complex relationship between trade and climate change is rich. While trade can affect climate change through dirty production techniques or carbon emissions due to transport (Brenton and Chemutai 2021), climate change can affect trade through its effect on agricultural productivity (Ben Zaied and Cheikh 2015; Chandio et al. 2020), production, and thus countries’ specialization (Gouel and Laborde 2021), primarily due to high temperatures and water stress (Hamududu and Ngoma 2020). As Africa is a net importer of agricultural products, the consequence is that climate change will likely affect food security in the medium and long term. Against this background, the objective of this chapter is twofold. First, we examine the extent to which African countries are exposed to climate change relative to other regions of the world. Second, we show how Africa’s comparative advantages can be altered with rising temperatures and water stress. Our main findings show that climate change effects in Africa are more pronounced than in other regions, reflected in the increase in extreme weather events associated with rising temperatures and greater variability in precipitation. These developments are likely to increase the number of food insecure people. Furthermore, we identify how climate change can affect African countries’ specialization based on products’ sensitivity to changes in temperature and their dependence on water. We show that several crops (such as leguminous vegetables, edible nuts and coconuts, groundnuts, oilseeds, and oleaginous fruits) will be affected by climate change. Other crops’ production may be less affected, but their future expansion may be limited by climate change–related factors.

Year published

2024

Authors

Mamboundou, Pierre; Traoré, Fousseini; Zaki, Chahir

Citation

Mamboundou, Pierre; Traoré, Fousseini; and Zaki, Chahir. 2024. Impact of climate change on trade in Africa. In Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor 2024, Odjo, Sunday; Traoré, Fousseini; and Zaki, Chahir, eds. Chapter 5. Kigali and Washington, DC: AKADEMIYA2063 and International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/151906

Keywords

Africa; Trade; Climate Change; Agricultural Productivity; Food Security; Water Scarcity; Extreme Weather Events

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Source

Source record

Record type

Book Chapter

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Book Chapter

Food price shocks and diets among poor households in Egypt

2023Abay, Kibrom A.; Karachiwalla, Naureen; Kurdi, Sikandra; Salama, Yousra
Details

Food price shocks and diets among poor households in Egypt

Because of its dependence on food imports, Egypt is particularly vulnerable to the high world food prices and trade shocks triggered by Russia’s February 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Imports account for more than 40% of Egypt’s calorie consumption, and the country is the world’s largest importer of wheat, with about 85% coming from Russia and Ukraine before the war began. Since then, supply disruptions, high global market prices, and other factors have led to sharp rises in domestic food inflation, which reached 31% in November. This in turn is a major driver of rising overall annual inflation, which soared from 6% to 19% between January and November 2022 — the highest rate in five years. In this post, based on a recent survey, we assess how Egypt’s poor households are responding to these economic stresses, and how the Egyptian government’s social protection efforts have affected consumption since the conflict began. In general, the survey indicates that many poor households cut back on consumption of some unsubsidized nutritious foods while consumption of subsidized foods remained unaffected, suggesting the national food subsidy program plays an important role.

Year published

2023

Authors

Abay, Kibrom A.; Karachiwalla, Naureen; Kurdi, Sikandra; Salama, Yousra

Citation

Abay, Kibrom A.; Karachiwalla, Naureen; Kurdi, Sikandra; and Salama, Yousra. 2023. Food price shocks and diets among poor households in Egypt. In The Russia-Ukraine Conflict and Global Food Security, eds. Joseph Glauber and David Laborde. Section Four: Country Impacts and Responses: Middle East and North Africa, Chapter 25, Pp. 129-134. https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896294394_25

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Middle East; Northern Africa; Africa; Low Income Groups; Shock; Policies; War; Coronavirus; Covid-19; Households; Agriculture; Markets; Trade; Coronavirinae; Russia; Food Security; Ukraine; Conflicts; Coronavirus Disease; Diet; Prices; Climate Change

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896294394_25 Source record

Record type

Book Chapter

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Book Chapter

Examining choice to advance gender equality in breeding research

2021Polar, Vivian; Mohan, Rohini Ram; McDougall, Cynthia; Teeken, Béla; Mulema, Annet A.; Marimo, Pricilla; Yila, Jummai Othniel
Details

Examining choice to advance gender equality in breeding research

Breeding is a technical pillar of CGIAR research: the animal/fish breeds, and plant varieties developed are international public goods that contribute to agricultural development for low-income contexts worldwide. Gender equality and women’s empowerment are critical social dimensions underpinning agricultural development in these contexts. Progressing toward gender equality in agriculture requires that women, as well as men, have equal capabilities to make decisions about agricultural innovation, and specifically technology choice. Current evidence, however, suggests the situation here is not yet equal. Nevertheless, despite ongoing inequalities, there is a dearth of literature on the connection between gender and breeding in agricultural research. This chapter critically examines what has been done to address gender dynamics in (current) breeding structures and processes, and what more can be done so that breeding programs contribute to advancing gender equality. We are specifically concerned with technology choices in relation to the plant variety or animal/fish breed by resource-poor smallholders in low-income countries. The chapter explores how CGIAR and public breeding programs generate options based on user needs, preferences, and constraints, and the institutional requirements needed to develop them in such a way that they contribute to gender equality and women’s empowerment.

Year published

2021

Authors

Polar, Vivian; Mohan, Rohini Ram; McDougall, Cynthia; Teeken, Béla; Mulema, Annet A.; Marimo, Pricilla; Yila, Jummai Othniel

Citation

Polar, Vivian; Mohan, Rohini Ram; McDougall, Cynthia; Teeken, Béla; Mulema, Annet Abenakyo; Marimo, Pricilla; and Yila, Jummai Othniel. 2021. Examining choice to advance gender equality in breeding research. In Advancing gender equality through agricultural and environmental research: Past, present, and future, eds. Rhiannon Pyburn, and Anouka van Eerdewijk. Chapter 2, Pp. 77-111. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896293915_02

Keywords

Gender; Gender Equality; Agricultural Research; Research; Agriculture; Environment; Women; Breeding

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896293915_02 Source record

Project

Roots, Tubers and Bananas

Record type

Book Chapter