Using household consumption data collected in 2017/18, this chapter analyzes patterns of urban and rural food consumption in Senegal. We adopt two methodological approaches. The first is an in-depth (spatial) analysis of current diets and corresponding nutrient deficiencies, coupled with an identification of possible food items to address existing nutrient gaps. The second approach is an application of the QUAIDS demand model to examine food consumption dynamics of Senegalese households.

Results show that Senegal is a typical case of micronutrient deficiency, especially regarding calcium, iron and vitamin B12. Reflected by their more diversified diet, overall nutrient intake of urban dwellers is better compared to their rural counterparts, which relates to the urban sector’s higher income status and more secure access to food items, especially those rich in calcium, vitamin B12 and vitamin A.

In contrast, the dietary status of rural populations is generally poorer and mainly driven by the nutrient content of cereals locally produced. Despite domestic production being insufficient, the recent promotion of processed millet and sorghum might be a promising strategy in developing new city markets and increasing the urban uptake of iron and zinc. While spatially heterogenous, the current food system in Senegal overall is underperforming, especially regarding the most remote rural departments of country, such as Dagana and Saraya, where nutrient deficiencies are alarmingly high.

Apart from geographical targeting and given their higher responsiveness to changes in income and food prices, policies based on food pricing and income transfers should be implemented to ensure a minimal nutrient intake among the most food-insecure households. These policies could be further complemented with behavioral change campaigns which promote an alternative set of nutrient-rich and cost-effective food items.