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Who we are

With research staff from more than 60 countries, and offices across the globe, IFPRI provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.

researcher spotlight

Kalyani Raghunathan

Kalyani Raghunathan is Research Fellow in the Poverty, Gender, and Inclusion Unit, based in New Delhi, India. Her research lies at the intersection of agriculture, gender, social protection, and public health and nutrition, with a specific focus on South Asia and Africa. 

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Where we work

IFPRI currently has more than 600 employees working in over 80 countries with a wide range of local, national, and international partners.

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experts

Markets, Trade, and Institutions

Eduardo Maruyama

Research Coordinator

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Bio

Eduardo Maruyama is a Research Coordinator in the Markets, Trade, and Institutions Unit. He first joined IFPRI as a Postdoctoral Fellow. Currently, he works on improving market access for smallholders in sub-Saharan Africa through rural producer organizations (RPOs) as well as analyzing how valuable information flows from children to their parents and its potential as a policy tool in Peru. His past work focused on risk-coping strategies of the poor in developing countries and on combining economic theory, applied econometrics, and spatial analysis to develop typologies of rural communities for policy formulation. Before joining IFPRI, Eduardo worked as a Professor of Economics at the Universidad del Pacifico Graduate School and as an Assistant Researcher in the Grupo de Analisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE) in Peru. Eduardo was also a Fulbright Scholar. He earned a PhD in Economics in the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).

Languages spoken: English, Spanish

Publications

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Publications

Resource thumbnail

Brief

Take-up of cash loans vs. agricultural input loans: A pilot study

2024Ambler, Kate; Balana, Bedru; Bloem, Jeffrey R.; Maruyama, Eduardo; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi
Details

Take-up of cash loans vs. agricultural input loans: A pilot study

Smallholder farmers must invest in agricultural inputs (i.e., seeds, chemicals, equipment, land, and labor) during the planting season before earning income from the sale of agricultural produce after harvest. Credit can help relax liquidity constraints. In rural Nigeria, access to credit is limited, especially formal credit from financial institutions. Less than a third of households in rural Nigeria report using credit and only two percent of rural households borrowed credit from formal financial institutions (EFInA 2020). The rest is borrowed informally from friends, family, or local money lenders. Credit can take many different forms. For example, credit can take the form of a cash loan, where funds are provided to a borrower to make an investment of any kind. Another common form of credit is when specific goods, for instance agricultural inputs, are provided in advance to a payment. In both cases, the borrower must pay back both the loan amount, and any interest incurred from the loan. We partnered with Crop2Cash, a digital financial technology startup company operating in Nigeria, to test take-up for these two forms of credit.

Year published

2024

Authors

Ambler, Kate; Balana, Bedru; Bloem, Jeffrey R.; Maruyama, Eduardo; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi

Citation

Ambler, Kate; Balana, Bedru; Bloem, Jeffrey R.; Maruyama, Eduardo; and Olanrewaju, Opeyemi. 2024. Take-up of cash loans vs. agricultural input loans: A pilot study. Rethinking Food Markets Initiative Project Note September 2024. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/152224

Country/Region

Nigeria

Keywords

Southern Africa; Western Africa; Smallholders; Farm Inputs; Income; Agriculture; Credit; Loans

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Project

Rethinking Food Markets

Record type

Brief

Resource thumbnail

Brief

Bundling cash loans with agricultural input loans for farmers in Nigeria: A pilot study

2023Ambler, Kate; Balana, Bedru; Bloem, Jeffrey R.; Maruyama, Eduardo; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi
Details

Bundling cash loans with agricultural input loans for farmers in Nigeria: A pilot study

Credit allows borrowers to access funds required to make an investment before returns materialize. For smallholder farmers, who must invest in agricultural inputs (i.e., seeds, chemicals, equipment, land, and labor) during the planting season before earning income from the sale of agricultural produce after har vest, credit helps alleviate liquidity constraints and promotes the ability of local agricultural production to support nutrition and food security. In rural Nigeria, access to credit—especially formal credit from finan cial institutions—is limited. Data collected in 2020 show that less than a third of households in rural Ni geria report using credit in the previous 12 months and only two percent of rural households borrowed credit from a financial institution. The rest is borrowed informally from friends, family, or local money lenders. In the absence of credit, smallholder farmers must cover the costs of agricultural production with their own funds that they have available during the planting season. This constrains agricultural production and contributes, in part, to the large gaps in agricultural productivity between high-income and low-in come countries around the world.

Year published

2023

Authors

Ambler, Kate; Balana, Bedru; Bloem, Jeffrey R.; Maruyama, Eduardo; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi

Citation

Ambler, Kate; Balana, Bedru; Bloem, Jeffrey R.; Maruyama, Eduardo; and Olanrewaju, Opeyemi. 2023. Bundling cash loans with agricultural input loans for farmers in Nigeria: A pilot study. Rethinking Food Markets Initiative Project Note December 2023. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.137032

Country/Region

Nigeria

Keywords

Western Africa; Sub-saharan Africa; Africa; Income; Investment; Capacity Development; Farm Inputs; Smallholders; Nutrition; Food Security; Credit; Investments

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Links

https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.137032 Source record

Project

Rethinking Food Markets

Record type

Brief

Resource thumbnail

Report

Addressing irregular migration through principled programmatic approaches: Examining the West Africa route and WFP operations

2023Ambler, Kate; de Brauw, Alan; Maruyama, Eduardo; Moussavi, Sara
Details

Addressing irregular migration through principled programmatic approaches: Examining the West Africa route and WFP operations

This is a joint IFPRI-WFP study on the drivers, profile, and risks of irregular migration in the West Africa context. By taking a route-based approach to irregular migration in West Africa, the study examined migrants’ origins, their transit experience, and the situation where their journey stalls or ends. Drawing on a mixed methods approach the study includes case studies in Mali and Libya, representing an analysis of the migration route of the Ténéré desert crossing of the south-central Sahara. The overall analysis features the profiles of irregular migrants and the primary factors influencing their migration decisions. It also examines links between food insecurity and irregular migration to understand the risks and address the needs of this increasingly vulnerable population.

Year published

2023

Authors

Ambler, Kate; de Brauw, Alan; Maruyama, Eduardo; Moussavi, Sara

Citation

Ambler, Kate; de Brauw, Alan; Maruyama, Eduardo; and Moussavi, Sara. 2023. Addressing irregular migration through principled programmatic approaches: Examining the West Africa route and WFP operations. Rome, Italy: World Food Programme (WFP); and Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://www.wfp.org/publications/2023-addressing-irregular-migration-through-principled-programmatic-approaches

Country/Region

Mali

Keywords

Libya; Western Africa; Sub-saharan Africa; Africa; Northern Africa; Income; Economic Aspects; Political Aspects; Sahara; Decision Making; Migration; Risk; Food Insecurity; Climate Change

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Report

Events

31st International Conference of Agricultural Economists (ICAE)
IFPRI at External Event

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August 17 to 31, 2021

31st International Conference of Agricultural Economists (ICAE)

Virtual Event: AUG 17, 2021 – 08:00 AM to AUG 31, 2021 08:00 PM EDT. IFPRI is participating in the 31st Conference of Agriculture Economists organized by the International Association of Agricultural Economists (IAAE).