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With research staff from more than 60 countries, and offices across the globe, IFPRI provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.

researcher spotlight

Kalyani Raghunathan

Kalyani Raghunathan is Research Fellow in the Poverty, Gender, and Inclusion Unit, based in New Delhi, India. Her research lies at the intersection of agriculture, gender, social protection, and public health and nutrition, with a specific focus on South Asia and Africa. 

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IFPRI currently has more than 600 employees working in over 80 countries with a wide range of local, national, and international partners.

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experts

Development Strategies and Governance

Khalid Siddig

Senior Research Fellow

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Bio

Khalid Siddig is a Senior Research Fellow in the Development Strategies and Governance Unit and Program Leader for the Sudan Strategy Support Program. He is an agricultural economist with a focus on examining the impacts of potential shocks and the allocation of resources on economic growth, environmental sustainability, and income distribution through the lens of economywide and micro-level tools. His work bridges economywide models with essential tools such as water, energy, climate, and river basin models.

Before joining IFPRI, Khalid gained academic and research experience at the University of Hohenheim Germany; Humboldt University of Berlin; and the University of Khartoum, Sudan. He holds advanced degrees in agricultural economics and computer science.

Languages: English, Arabic, German

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Publications

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Report

The socioeconomic impact of armed conflict on Sudanese urban households: Evidence from a National Urban Household Survey

2024
Kirui, Oliver K.; Ahmed, Mosab; Siddig, Khalid; Abushama, Hala; Intini, Vito; AlAzzawi, Shireen; Adam, Saef Alnasr; Terefe, Fekadu; Fallaha, Hasan; Merouani, Walid
…more Durrani, Akbar; Nohra, Nada
Details

The socioeconomic impact of armed conflict on Sudanese urban households: Evidence from a National Urban Household Survey

Eighteen months of war have deeply affected urban households in Sudan: 31 percent have been displaced, full-time employment has plummeted by half, over 70 percent of the urban households in Sudan had all or some of school-aged kids stop attending school, and only one out of seven urban households can access full health services—concluded a new joint study from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), launched today. “The Socioeconomic Impact of Armed Conflict on Sudanese Urban Households” study provides a comprehensive assessment of how the ongoing conflict affects urban households in Sudan. With two-thirds of the fighting concentrated in cities of over 100,000 people, understanding impacts of the war on urban livelihoods is crucial for addressing both immediate economic challenges and long-term development obstacles. The study is based on analyses of a comprehensive survey of urban households across the country that both organizations conducted between May 2024 and July 2024, including 3,000 households.

Year published

2024

Authors

Kirui, Oliver K.; Ahmed, Mosab; Siddig, Khalid; Abushama, Hala; Intini, Vito; AlAzzawi, Shireen; Adam, Saef Alnasr; Terefe, Fekadu; Fallaha, Hasan; Merouani, Walid; Durrani, Akbar; Nohra, Nada

Citation

International Food Policy Research Institute; and United Nations Development Programme. 2024. The Socio-economic Impact of Armed Conflict on Sudanese Urban Households. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://www.undp.org/sudan/publications/socioeconomic-impact-armed-conflict-sudanese-urban-households

Country/Region

Sudan

Keywords

Africa; Northern Africa; Socioeconomic Impact; Armed Conflicts; Urban Areas; Households; Surveys

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Source

Source record

Record type

Report

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Journal Article

Toward integrated dam assessment: Evaluating multi-dimensional impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Sudan

2024Basheer, Mohammed; Siddig, Khalid; Elnour, Zuhal; Ahmed, Mosab; Ringler, Claudia
Details

Toward integrated dam assessment: Evaluating multi-dimensional impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Sudan

The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Nile is expected to influence many ecosystem services, such as flood regulation, hydro-electricity production, food supply, and habitat provision, among others. Understanding these impacts (positive and negative) requires a comprehensive evaluation framework. This study develops and applies an integrated simulation framework for assessing the impacts of the GERD on Sudan, focusing on the simultaneous economywide effects of riverine flood hazards, irrigation water supply, hydropower generation, and floodplain-dependent industries, namely traditional fired clay brick production. The simulation framework incorporates three models: a river infrastructure system model, a flood model, and a Computable General Equilibrium Model. Results indicate positive impacts for hydropower generation and flood control, marginal benefits for water supply to existing irrigation, and negative consequences for brick production and the construction sector. Assuming that the GERD starts its long-term operation in 2025, we find an overall positive economic impact on Sudan’s Gross Domestic Product in 2025, with an increase of up to just over 0.1%, subject to river flow conditions. Recognizing the differences in impacts across sectors and income groups, the study emphasizes the need for interventions that ameliorate negative effects. While the study captures several impacts, other effects on the environment, recession agriculture, and soil fertility require further investigation. Still, our findings underscore the importance of adopting an integrated simulation approach to dam evaluation, acknowledging the interconnected nature of water and related sectors in national economies.

Year published

2024

Authors

Basheer, Mohammed; Siddig, Khalid; Elnour, Zuhal; Ahmed, Mosab; Ringler, Claudia

Citation

Basheer, Mohammed; Siddig, Khalid; Elnour, Zuhal; Ahmed, Mosab; and Ringler, Claudia. 2024. Toward integrated dam assessment: Evaluating multi-dimensional impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Sudan. Environmental Research Letters 19(10): 104067. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad7744

Country/Region

Ethiopia; Sudan

Keywords

Africa; Northern Africa; Eastern Africa; Dams; Evaluation; Flood Control; Hydroelectric Power Generation; Impact Assessment

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad7744 Source record

Project

NEXUS Gains

Record type

Journal Article

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Working Paper

Sustainable livestock development in Sudan: Challenges, opportunities, and policy priorities

2024Alfadul, Hanan; Siddig, Khalid; Ahmed, Mosab; Abushama, Hala; Kirui, Oliver K.
Details

Sustainable livestock development in Sudan: Challenges, opportunities, and policy priorities

Livestock in Sudan plays a crucial role in the national economy, particularly in alleviating poverty and enhancing food security. Despite its significance, the last comprehensive livestock census for the country was conducted in 1975, resulting in now outdated and often unreliable data. Recent estimates by USAID indicate that Sudan ranks among the top three African countries in terms of livestock numbers, with an estimated 105.6 million animals. The livestock population in Sudan is predominantly composed of camels, goats, sheep, and cattle. The spatial distribution of livestock is variable and influenced by local factors such as feed resources, land use, and ecological conditions. The Greater Kordofan and Greater Darfur regions have the largest livestock numbers. However, discrepancies between official statistics and field data show the need for updated and accurate livestock data. The livestock sector provides 40 percent of employment and 34 percent of Sudan’s agricultural gross domestic product (GDP). The livestock sector is a vital source of foreign exchange for the Sudanese economy through exports of livestock and livestock products. Besides its economic contributions, the livestock sector provides essential food products, including meat, eggs, and milk, and draught power for agricultural operations and transportation, particularly in rural areas. However, relative to irrigated agriculture, the sector faces challenges due to underinvestment and minimal government attention.

Year published

2024

Authors

Alfadul, Hanan; Siddig, Khalid; Ahmed, Mosab; Abushama, Hala; Kirui, Oliver K.

Citation

Alfadul, Hanan; Siddig, Khalid; Ahmed, Mosab; Abushama, Hala; and Kirui, Oliver. 2024. Sustainable livestock development in Sudan: Challenges, opportunities, and policy priorities. Sudan SSP Working Paper 19. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/151697

Country/Region

Sudan

Keywords

Northern Africa; Africa; Livestock; Poverty; Food Security; Exports; Employment; Animal Products

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Project

National Policies and Strategies

Record type

Working Paper

Events

The Socio-Economic Impact of Armed Conflict on Sudanese Urban Households
IFPRI Program/Country Event

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November 4, 2024, 9:00 – 12:00 pm

The Socio-Economic Impact of Armed Conflict on Sudanese Urban Households

The ongoing conflict in Sudan has been concentrated in cities, with major impacts on urban households. Large numbers of families are displaced, employment is down dramatically, and most children are unable to go to school. A comprehensive survey conducted earlier this year by IFPRI’ Sudan Strategy Support Program and the United Nations Development Programme provides […]

Famines and Fragility: Making humanitarian, developmental, and peacebuilding responses work
Series/Special Event

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June 11, 2024, 9:30 – 11:15 am

Famines and Fragility: Making humanitarian, developmental, and peacebuilding responses work

Virtual Event: June 11, 2024 – 9:30 AM- 11:15 AM EDT. This seminar will take stock of what we know of key drivers about protracted food crises and persistent fragility and about the obstacles to successful HDP action.

Sudan at a Crossroads: Food Systems, Hunger, and Humanitarian Aid During Civil Conflict
IFPRI Policy Seminar

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May 2, 2024, 10:00 – 11:30 am

Sudan at a Crossroads: Food Systems, Hunger, and Humanitarian Aid During Civil Conflict

Hybrid Event: May 2, 2024 at 10:00am-11:30am EDT. This IFPRI policy seminar will reflect on urgent data, analytical, and policy needs to mitigate food insecurity and revitalize food systems in Sudan. This event will bring together researchers from IFPRI’s Sudan country program, conflict analysts, humanitarian donors, and country experts in a hybrid format.

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News

August 13, 2024 | In the News

Sudan’s catastrophe: farmers could offer quick post-war recovery, if peace is found

Despite the stark reality, there is a potential path forward for Sudan, believe IFPRI experts.

July 08, 2024 | In the News

Sudan is now confronting its most severe food security crisis on record (The Conversation Africa)

An op-ed by IFPRI’s Khalid Siddig and Rob Vos analyses Sudan’s ongoing severe food crisis: “After 14 months of escalating internal conflict, Sudan is now confronting its most severe food security crisis on record. The latest situation report, released on 27 June, reveals a grim picture: more than half the population of 47.2 million is […]