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With research staff from more than 60 countries, and offices across the globe, IFPRI provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.

researcher spotlight

Liangzhi You

Liangzhi You is a Senior Research Fellow and theme leader in the Foresight and Policy Modeling Unit, based in Washington, DC. His research focuses on climate resilience, spatial data and analytics, agroecosystems, and agricultural science policy. Gridded crop production data of the world (SPAM) and the agricultural technology evaluation model (DREAM) are among his research contributions. 

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IFPRI currently has more than 600 employees working in over 80 countries with a wide range of local, national, and international partners.

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experts

Development Strategies and Governance

Opeyemi Olanrewaju

Research Analyst

Bio

Opeyemi Olanrewaju is a Research Analyst in the Development Strategies and Governance Unit, based in Abuja. He currently supports IFPRI’s Nigeria Strategy Support Program (NSSP). Opeyemi’s research interests focus on youth employment, technology adoption, agricultural finance, conflict and insecurity, and food security. He seeks to contribute to policy discussions on sustainable rural livelihoods, rural digital technology adoption, and food security.

Prior to joining IFPRI, Opeyemi worked as a Field Research Lead at with Coamana Ltd, Abuja and coordinated several field research projects in Northern Nigeria where he undertook several works on Agricultural Value chain assessment and analysis. He was also a Research Fellow of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)/International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and worked on generating evidence on Youth Engagement in Agribusiness and Rural Economic activities in Africa.

Opeyemi Olanrewaju received his master’s in Agricultural Economics from University of Ibadan and a bachelor’s in Agricultural Economics and Extension from Ladoke Akintola University of Technology.

Nigeria Strategy Support Program

Development Strategies and Governance

Publications

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Working Paper

Financial inclusion, agricultural inputs use, and household food security evidence from Nigeria

2024Balana, Bedru; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi
Details

Financial inclusion, agricultural inputs use, and household food security evidence from Nigeria

This paper examines the effects of financial inclusion on adoption and intensity of use of agricultural inputs and household welfare indicators using data from the nationally representative Nigerian LSMS wave-3 (2015/2016) survey. For this, we constructed a financial inclusion index from four formal financial services access indicators (bank account, access to credit, insurance coverage, and digital transaction) using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). We used Cragg’s two-step hurdle, instrumental variables for binary response variables, and a Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) models in the econometric analysis. Results show that households with access to formal financial services are more likely to adopt agricultural inputs and to apply these more intensively. These same households are less likely to experience severe food insecurity and are more likely to consume diverse food items. We also find that these effects are less for female farmers regardless of formal financial inclusion, suggesting that they may bear more non-financial constraints than their male counterparts. The results suggest a need for targeted interventions to increase access to formal financial services of farm households and gender-responsive interventions to address the differential constraints women farmers face.

Year published

2024

Authors

Balana, Bedru; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi

Citation

Balana, Bedru; and Olanrewaju, Opeyemi. 2024. Financial inclusion, agricultural inputs use, and household food security evidence from Nigeria. IFPRI Discussion Paper 2293. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

Country/Region

Nigeria

Keywords

Africa; Western Africa; Farm Inputs; Financial Inclusion; Food Security; Households; Inorganic Fertilizers; Seeds

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Project

National Policies and Strategies

Record type

Working Paper

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Brief

Take-up of cash loans vs. agricultural input loans: A pilot study

2024Ambler, Kate; Balana, Bedru; Bloem, Jeffrey R.; Maruyama, Eduardo; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi
Details

Take-up of cash loans vs. agricultural input loans: A pilot study

Smallholder farmers must invest in agricultural inputs (i.e., seeds, chemicals, equipment, land, and labor) during the planting season before earning income from the sale of agricultural produce after harvest. Credit can help relax liquidity constraints. In rural Nigeria, access to credit is limited, especially formal credit from financial institutions. Less than a third of households in rural Nigeria report using credit and only two percent of rural households borrowed credit from formal financial institutions (EFInA 2020). The rest is borrowed informally from friends, family, or local money lenders. Credit can take many different forms. For example, credit can take the form of a cash loan, where funds are provided to a borrower to make an investment of any kind. Another common form of credit is when specific goods, for instance agricultural inputs, are provided in advance to a payment. In both cases, the borrower must pay back both the loan amount, and any interest incurred from the loan. We partnered with Crop2Cash, a digital financial technology startup company operating in Nigeria, to test take-up for these two forms of credit.

Year published

2024

Authors

Ambler, Kate; Balana, Bedru; Bloem, Jeffrey R.; Maruyama, Eduardo; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi

Citation

Ambler, Kate; Balana, Bedru; Bloem, Jeffrey R.; Maruyama, Eduardo; and Olanrewaju, Opeyemi. 2024. Take-up of cash loans vs. agricultural input loans: A pilot study. Rethinking Food Markets Initiative Project Note September 2024. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/152224

Country/Region

Nigeria

Keywords

Southern Africa; Western Africa; Smallholders; Farm Inputs; Income; Agriculture; Credit; Loans

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Project

Rethinking Food Markets

Record type

Brief

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Conference Paper

What role does conflict play in fertilizer use and maize yield response in Nigeria?

2024Amare, Mulubrhan; Andam, Kwaw S.; Balana, Bedru; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi; Edeh, Hyacinth
Details

What role does conflict play in fertilizer use and maize yield response in Nigeria?

While increased use of inorganic fertilizer has been recommended to achieve increased maize productivity, studies on the effects of violent conflicts have also demonstrated the possible moderating influence of conflict on agricultural input use. However, the various pathways and extent through which affects fertilizer use and maize yield response to fertilizer use remain poorly understood. In this study, we used the ACLED geocoded longitudinal dataset based on the Nigeria LSMS-ISA panel survey to assess the impact of violent conflicts on fertilizer use and maize yield response in Nigeria. Understanding this effect of conflict on fertilizer use and maize yield response could be relevant to better understand smallholders resource use decisions in the context of other countries experiencing similar violent and serves as building block for understanding how factors outside the control of agronomic field experiments affect economic incentives for fertilizer use and yield of smallholder farmers.

Year published

2024

Authors

Amare, Mulubrhan; Andam, Kwaw S.; Balana, Bedru; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi; Edeh, Hyacinth

Citation

Amare, Mulubrhan; Andam, Kwaw S.; Balana, Bedru; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi; and Edeh, Hyacinth. 2024. What role does conflict play in fertilizer use and maize yield response in Nigeria? Presented at the International Conference of Agricultural Economists in New Delhi, India on August 3, 2024.

Country/Region

Nigeria

Keywords

Africa; Sub-saharan Africa; Western Africa; Fertilizer Application; Maize; Yields; Conflicts; Inputs

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Conference Paper