IFPRI CGIAR
Subscribe

Back

Who we are

With research staff from more than 60 countries, and offices across the globe, IFPRI provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.

researcher spotlight

Kalyani Raghunathan

Kalyani Raghunathan is Research Fellow in the Poverty, Gender, and Inclusion Unit, based in New Delhi, India. Her research lies at the intersection of agriculture, gender, social protection, and public health and nutrition, with a specific focus on South Asia and Africa. 

Where we work

Back

Where we work

IFPRI currently has more than 600 employees working in over 80 countries with a wide range of local, national, and international partners.

IFPRI Regional Programs

IFPRI Country Programs

Research by country and region

Subscribe

experts

Nutrition, Diets, and Health

Rebecca Pradeilles

Visiting Fellow

Bio

Rebecca Pradeilles is a Visiting Fellow with the Nutrition, Diets, and Health Unit, and is based at IFPRI-Washington, DC.

Nutrition, Diets, and Health

Publications

Resource thumbnail

Journal Article

Predictors of prediabetes/diabetes and hypertension in Ethiopia: Reanalysis of the 2015 NCD STEPS survey using causal path diagrams

2024Norris, Tom; Genye, Tirsit; Girma, Meron; Hussen, Alemayehu; Pradeilles, Rebecca; Bekele, Zerihun; Van Zyl, Cornelia; Samuel, Aregash
Details

Predictors of prediabetes/diabetes and hypertension in Ethiopia: Reanalysis of the 2015 NCD STEPS survey using causal path diagrams

The objective of our study was to reanalyse the Ethiopia STEPwise approach to Surveillance Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors survey (NCD STEPS), using causal path diagrams constructed using expert subject matter knowledge in conjunction with graphical model theory to map the underlying causal network of modifiable factors associated with prediabetes/diabetes and hypertension. We used data from the 2015 Ethiopia NCD STEPS representative cross-sectional survey (males; n = 3977 and females; n = 5823 aged 15–69 years) and performed directed acyclic graph-informed logistic regression analyses. In both sexes, a 1-unit higher in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were positively associated with prediabetes/diabetes (BMI: males: adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.07 [95% confidence interval: 1.0, 1.1], females aOR: 1.03 [1.0, 1.1]; WC: males: aOR: 1.1 [0.9, 1.2], females: aOR: 1.2 [1.1, 1.3]) and hypertension (BMI: males: aOR: 1.2 [1.1, 1.2], females aOR: 1.1 [1.0, 1.1]; WC: males: aOR: 1.6 [1.4, 1.8], females: aOR: 1.3 [1.2, 1.5]). Although residing in urban settings was associated with higher odds of hypertension in both males (aOR: 1.79 [1.49, 2.16]) and females (aOR: 1.70 [1.49, 1.95]), it was only associated with prediabetes/diabetes in males (aOR: 1.56 [1.25, 1.96]). Males and females in pastoralist areas had lower odds of prediabetes/diabetes compared with their agrarian counterparts (males: aOR: 0.27 [0.14, 0.52], females: aOR: 0.31 [0.16, 0.58]). Physical activity was associated with lower odds of prediabetes/diabetes among females (aOR: 0.75 [0.58, 0.97]). Other diet-related modifiable factors such as consumption of fruit and vegetable, alcohol or salt were not associated with either prediabetes/diabetes or hypertension. Our findings highlight the need to implement interventions that prevent overweight/obesity and nutrition-related NCDs, particularly in urban areas.

Year published

2024

Authors

Norris, Tom; Genye, Tirsit; Girma, Meron; Hussen, Alemayehu; Pradeilles, Rebecca; Bekele, Zerihun; Van Zyl, Cornelia; Samuel, Aregash

Citation

Norris, Tom; Girma, Meron; Genye, Tirsit; Hussen, Alemayehu; Pradeilles, Rebecca; Bekele, Zerihun; Van Zyl, Cornelia; and Samuel, Aregash. 2024. Predictors of prediabetes/diabetes and hypertension in Ethiopia: Reanalysis of the 2015 NCD STEPS survey using causal path diagrams. Maternal and Child Health Journal 20(S5). https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13365

Country/Region

Ethiopia

Keywords

Eastern Africa; Diabetes; Hypertension; Non-communicable Diseases; Health; Body Mass Index; Surveys

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-NC-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13365 Source record

Record type

Journal Article

Resource thumbnail

Journal Article

Coherence for nutrition: Insights from nutrition-relevant policies and programs in Burkina Faso and Nigeria

2021Billings, Lucy; Pradeilles, Rebecca; Gillespie, Stuart; Vanderkooy, Anna; Diatta, Dieynab; Touré, Mariama; Diatta, Ampa Dogui; Verstraeten, Roosmarijn
Details

Coherence for nutrition: Insights from nutrition-relevant policies and programs in Burkina Faso and Nigeria

There is consensus that coherence is necessary for implementing effective and sustainable approaches to tackle malnutrition. We look at whether policies and programmes provide a coherent pathway to address nutrition priorities and if programmes are designed to deliver interventions aligned to the nutrition agenda in Nigeria and Burkina Faso. A systematic desk review was performed on nutrition-relevant and programme documents, obtained through grey literature searches and expert recommendations. We developed a framework with an impact pathway structure that includes five process steps, which was used to guide coding, data reduction and synthesis and structure the analysis. We assessed internal coherence along process steps within a given document and external coherence across process steps for explicitly linked policy/programme pairs. The majority of policies and programmes had partial internal coherence for both countries. The identification of relevant nutrition interventions to address challenges and reach objectives was the strongest connection within policies (16 out of 45 had complete coherence) while among programmes the strongest connection was coverage indicators that measure interventions (9 out of 21 had complete coherence). Eight programmes explicitly referenced at least one nutrition-relevant with a total of 16 linked policy/programme pairs (13 pairs for Burkina Faso and 3 for Nigeria) across health, nutrition, agriculture, and social focus areas. However, none of the linked pairs were assessed to have complete external coherence suggesting that priorities at level are not fully realised nor translated at programme level. This study offers a new approach for assessment of and program coherence and specifically examines and program linkages. We conclude that improved leadership on country priority setting and better alignment for nutrition within and across sectors is needed to enhance the effectiveness of nutrition investments.

Year published

2021

Authors

Billings, Lucy; Pradeilles, Rebecca; Gillespie, Stuart; Vanderkooy, Anna; Diatta, Dieynab; Touré, Mariama; Diatta, Ampa Dogui; Verstraeten, Roosmarijn

Citation

Billings, Lucy; Pradeilles, Rebecca; Gillespie, Stuart; Vanderkooy, Anna; Diatta, Dieynab; Touré, Mariama; Diatta, Ampa Dogui; and Verstraeten, Roosmarijn. 2021. Coherence for nutrition: Insights from nutrition-relevant policies and programs in Burkina Faso and Nigeria. Health and Planning 36(10): 1574-1592. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab108

Country/Region

Burkina Faso; Nigeria

Keywords

Western Africa; Sub-saharan Africa; Africa; Programmes; Policies; Nutrition Policies; Nutrition

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab108 Source record

Record type

Journal Article